Why, in your opinion, do we need more checking techniques at the transport layer when the data connection layer is capable of detecting errors between hops?
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- Which issues with the router's layer 2 protocol have been found up to this point? In what ways does this new information have an impact? Why does the ICMP request of a PPP-encapsulated router continue to function after the subnet of the serial interface has been changed?In what ways has the layer 2 protocol of the router been shown to be flawed? What do you think the repercussions of this revelation will be? Why does an ICMP request that was issued by a PPP-encapsulated router continue to work after the subnet of the serial interface been changed?Given that the data connection layer is capable of detecting mistakes between hops, why do you believe that we need an additional checking mechanism at the transport layer?
- Why, in your opinion, do we need more checking techniques at the transport layer when the data connection layer is capable of detecting errors between hops?What issues have been found in the layer 2 protocol of the router? What does this discovery mean, if anything? Why does an ICMP request sent by a PPP-encapsulated router continue to function after the subnet of the serial interface has been changed?I would appreciate it if you could brief a coworker on the ARP protocol. Please specify both the layer it runs at and the kind of service it offers to the layer that is above it in the stack.
- It is necessary to provide an associate with an explanation of the ARP protocol.Find out which layer it operates on and what kind of service it renders to the layer that sits on top of it.What shortcomings in the layer 2 protocol of the router have been found? What effects does this finding have? Why does the ICMP request still work in a PPP encapsulated router even after the serial interface subnet is modified?1. Mention the protocols over which the protocol is encapsulated, to which layer ARP belongs. 2. What is the Target's Hardware Address = a8:9f:ec:bb:78:f0 in the frame and what is the Destination Address = a8:9f:ec:bb:78:f0 in the ARP request packet? Why? 3. Mention the protocol over which the ICMP protocol is encapsulated. - Explain a little in the answers
- What problems have been detected in the router's layer 2 protocol? What ramifications does this find have? Why does the ICMP request continue to work in a PPP encapsulated router even when the serial interface subnet is changed?Data collision occurs when multiple senders simultaneously attempt to access the communication medium. Various protocols have been developed to mitigate this issue. These protocols operate at different layers of the network stack. Could you please provide more specific information about the protocols you are interested in? Do these methods ensure reliable gearbox without any possibility of collisions? What alternative solutions are available if this approach proves ineffective?1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…