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Why dressing is required for a continuously used wheel? and how can we dress a grinding wheel?

Precision Machining Technology (MindTap Course List)

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781285444543

Author:Peter J. Hoffman, Eric S. Hopewell, Brian Janes

Publisher:Peter J. Hoffman, Eric S. Hopewell, Brian Janes

Chapter7: Grinding

Section7.2: Grinding Wheels For Precision Grinding

Problem 1RQ: What wheel shapes are commonly used for surface and cylindrical grinding?

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Concept explainers

Forming and Shaping

Metal forming is a category of metalworking process through which the material can be given the desired shape and size by subjecting it to plastic deformation, where the component undergoes bulk deformation process upon application of loads. Unlike the shearing and machining process, the material does not undergo up to a failure point as indicated in the stress-strain curve. Hence, the stresses induced during the forming process are greater than yield strength but less than the failure strength of the material. The process does not lead to the loss of material, so it can be said to be an economical process. During forming, the material is subjected to tensile forces, compressive forces, bending, and shearing loading conditions. The material should possess the property of ductility to undergo the forming process.

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11) An internal bore is ground to 100 mm, removing 0.3 mm stock. To accomplish this, a grinding wheel 80% of the finished size is used. The wheel is dressed every 15 cycles because it is observed that the radial wheel wear is 0.05 mm on average. Assume wheel and part widths are equal. a. What dressing depth would you recommend and why? b. Calculate the G-ratio of this operation.
c) It is planned to carry out the grinding operation using a grinding wheel of diameter 15 cm and width 2 cm, and using successive depths of cut of 0.02 mm, with two final cuts of 0.01 mm each. Wheel speed is 1450 m/min, work speed is 0.25 m/s and the cross feed is 0.4 mm. The number of active grits per area of the wheel surface is 0.75 grits/mm? with a grain aspect ratio of 20. i) Determine the Material Removal Rates for both depths of cut. ii) If the cycle time for one forward/return stroke of the work during grinding is 5 sec., estimate the total time taken to complete the job. ii) Considering a constant of proportionality K2 of 40,000, determine the maximum surface temperature of the work. iv) What recommendations would you give to reduce any surface damage owing to high work temperatures?
d) What are the consequences of the high working temperatures which are characteristic of grinding operations?
5. Types of Grinding Wheel Machines and their outputs. (atleast 3)
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What wheel shapes are commonly used for surface and cylindrical grinding?
Speed of Ball Mill In a ball mill of diameter 2000 mm, 100 mm dia steel balls are being used for grinding. Presently, for the material being ground, the mill is run at 15 rpm. At what speed will the mill have to be run if the 100 mm balls are replaced by 50 mm balls, all the other conditions remaining the same?
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In grinding certain tools the linear velocity of the grinding surface should not exceed 6000fts/s. Find the maximum number of revolutions per second (a) 12 in (diameter) (b) 8-in wheel.
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QUESTION 5 a) What are the four common materials used as abrasives in the grinding process? List them in their order of relative hardness-i.e. from hard, harder to hardest to extremely hard? (CO3, PO2, C4) b) Describe the advantages of the Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) milling machine as compared to the conventional or manually operated one? (CO3, PO2, C4) c) What are the advantages and disadvantages of welding compared to other types of assembly operations? (CO3, PO2, C4)