why does the map distance calculated between 2 genes need to be adjusted using a mapping function if the calculated frequency is greater than .07 or 7 map units?
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- stion 6 of 18 Suppose that a geneticist discovers a new mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that causes the flies to shake and quiver. She calls this mutation quiver, qu, and determines that it is due to an autosomal recessive gene. She wants to determine whether the gene encoding quiver is linked to the recessive gene for vestigial wings, vg. She crosses a fly homozygous for quiver and vestigial traits with a fly homozygous for the wild-type traits, and then uses the resulting F, females in a testcross. She obtains the flies from this testcross. Phenotype Number of flies vg* qu+ 230 vg qu 224 vg qut vg* qu 97 99 Test the hypothesis that the genes quiver and vestigial assort independently by calculating the chi-squared, X², for this hypothesis. Provide the X2 to one decimal place. X2 = Does the X value support the hypothesis that the quiver and vestigial genes assort independently? Why or why not? the partial table of critical values for X2 calculations to test this hypothesis.a - What is Position-Specific Scoring Matrices (PSSM) and how do we obtain it? b - Construct the HMM for the following sequences where the matches are considered for the columns that don't have any gap T G A C А G T G A А G G T G G A G G C A G EE E E EDetermine the gene order (which gene is in the middle?), as you were shown in exercises for Tutorial 6, showing all your work. Construct a genetic map for the three genes, including the map distances between them. Clearly indicate the logic you followed and show all your calculations. Include the full distance calculations for the two most distanced genes (do not just add the other 2 distances).
- a - What is Position-Specific Scoring Matrices (PSSM) and how do we obtain it? b - Construct the HMM for the following sequences where the matches are considered for the columns that don't have any gap T G A A G T T G A I A G G C A G T G G C T A G3. Animation 12.1: This table shows results from allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analyses conducted on three different patients. The analyses all used the same probes constructed to test for the presence of a mutant gene. A plus sign (+) indicates hybridization occurred and a negative sign (-) indicates no hybridization occurred. Patient #1 Patient #2 Patient #3 Probe for normal allele Probe for mutant allele Which patient(s) is/are homozygous for the mutation and which patient(s) is/are heterozygous for the mutation? O Patients #2 and #3 are homozygous and Patient #1 is heterozygous for the mutation. O Patient #2 is homozygous and Patient #1 is heterozygous for the mutation. O Patient #1 is homozygous and Patients #2 and #3 are heterozygous for the mutation. O Patient # 1 is homozygous and Patient #2 is heterozygous for the mutation.Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Construct the HMM for the following sequences 2) G C A A A A G A A T G C A A G A The matches are considered for the columns [1, 2,4,5, and 7]
- In not more than 200 words, explain how the human genome of 3.4 Gb would be in 2.3 meters long when stretched linearly if this size is fit into a cell of minuscule proportions.. The human IGF2 gene is autosomal and maternallyimprinted. Copies of the gene received from themother are not expressed, but copies received fromthe father are expressed. You have found two allelesof this gene that encode two different forms of theIGF2 protein distinguishable by gel electrophoresis.One allele encodes a 60K (Kilodalton) blood protein;the other allele encodes a 50K blood protein. In ananalysis of blood proteins from a couple named Billand Joan, you find only the 60K protein in Joan’sblood and only the 50K protein in Bill’s blood. Youthen look at their children: Jill is producing only the50K protein, while Bill Jr. is producing only the 60Kprotein.a. With these data alone, what can you say about theIGF2 genotype of Bill Sr. and Joan?b. Bill Jr. and a woman named Sara have two children, Pat and Tim. Pat produces only the 60K protein and Tim produces only the 50K protein. Withthe accumulated data, what can you now say aboutthe genotypes of Joan and Bill Sr.?(a) Explain sensitivity and selectivity in terms of true and false positives. (b) What is the advantage of a Needleman-Wunsch alignment compared to a seeded alignment? (c) What does the expectation parameter mean in local alignment? What will happen if the expectation value is increased from its default value of 10 to a 100?
- Identity gene 1 (bl, pr, vg) Identity gene 2 ( bl, pr, vg) Identity gene 3 ( bl,pr, vg) How many map units separate genes 1 and 2 ( Distance 1)? How many map units separate genes 2 and 3 ( distances 2) ?6.8 Define a map unit and explain why map units best reflect the real distances between two genes only when the genes are relatively close together.The human genome 3.4 Gb would be 2.3 meters long if stretched linearly.In not more than 200 words,explain how a genome of this size is fit into a cell of minuscule proportions.