Why do the central chemoreceptors detect blood PCO2 levels while the peripheral chemoreceptors are only sensitive to total blood H+ concentration?
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You have both peripheral chemoreceptors (aortic arch and carotid bodies) and central chemoreceptors (medulla). You were informed earlier that the central chemoreceptors are the primary sensors for blood CO2.
Both sets of chemoreceptors detect the concentration of H+ in blood or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Why do the central chemoreceptors detect blood PCO2 levels while the peripheral chemoreceptors are only sensitive to total blood H+ concentration?
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- Which one of the following statements about the afferent components of the respiratory control system is INCORRECT? Select one: a. In order to stimulate hyperventilation the sympathetic nervous system tricks the carotid body by constricting the capillaries that serve glomus cells; reduced blood flow to the cell causes localised hypoxia triggering a compensatory hyperventilation response even before systemic hypoxia is apparent. b. In type 1 glomus cells of the carotid bodies, hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis trigger afferent signalling by inhibiting K+ channels, depolarising the cell membrane, and opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that trigger the release of neurotransmitters onto afferent glossopharyngeal nerve fibres. c. Chemoreceptor cells can be found in the carotid body. d. The glossopharyngeal nerve transmits afferent impulses from the carotid body to the ventral respiratory group of neurons.Which of the following are true? A. Peripheral Chemo receptors for O2 in H+ ions are found in the carotid and aortic bodies. B. Peripheral chemoreceptors for O2 and H+ ions are found only in the carotid body. C. Peripheral chemoreceptors for O2 and H+ ions are found only in the aortic body. D. O2 and CO2 are monitored in the medulla Choose the correct answerA respiratory chemoreceptor is a sensory receptor that transduces achemical signal into an action potential. Which of the following is FALSEabout the respiratory chemoreceptors? Explain the answer. a. The central chemoreceptor is located at the primary respiratory control in the brain.b. The peripheral chemoreceptors are at the lower airways of the respiratory zone.c. Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to increased carbon dioxide.d. Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to decreased oxygen levels.
- What prevents overinflation of the lungs? partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli baroreceptors in aortic arch stretch receptors in the lungs the hypothalamusIn the text, we learned that BPG is abundantly present in erythrocytes to greatly reduce the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. When 2,3-BPG binds to deoxyhemoglobin, it acts to stabilize the low oxygen affinity state (T state) of the oxygen carrier. What would happen to hemoglobin if the BPG were removed? Would our body still be able to efficiently deliver oxygen to the tissues?As the run began the levels of carbon dioxide in the soldiers’ body began to rise. Explain how and why this was detected and corrected. You should use these terms in your answer: Homeostasis, pH, chemoreceptor, hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system,effectors,cardiac output, rate and depth of breathing.
- Which of the following is not a stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors? Increased arterial PCO2 Increased arterial PO2 None of the above stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors Drop in pHIt is not usually necessary to assess arterial blood gases when diagnosing and treating asthma. However, this information can sometimes be useful in severe asthma attacks. Suppose that a patient had a PO2 of 60mm hg and a PCo2 of 30mm hg when the patient first went to the emergency room. Explain how that could happen.When the partial pressure of oxygen decreases, will the chemoreceptor reflex? reduce mean blood pressure reduce the peripheral resistance reduce muscle tone in the vessels
- Which of the following would be an adequate stimulus for a chemoreceptor? oxygen photon of light vibration cell stretch cold temperatureRegarding central chemoreceptors, if H+ ions are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, how does the brain detect a change in the body's pH?Decreased arterial pH (increased hydrogen ion concentration in the arterial blood) increases depth and frequency of respirations Choose from the following: (A) directly stimulating central chemoreceptors within the fourth ventricle of the medulla oblongata (B) directly stimulates the glomus cells of the aortic and carotid sinuses (C) both A and B