Which of the following statements is not consistent witht the second law of thermodynamics?   a. Perpetual motion machines are impossible   b. The operation of an air conditioner is a nonspontaneous process.   c. Events in nature tend to be irreversible.   d. A refrigerator process does not require the application of external work.   e. The entropy of any thermally isolated system always increases.

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First law of Thermodynamics

The word thermodynamics consists of two words: thermo- and dynamics. Dynamics means the study of motion. The field of thermodynamics is all about the study of the movement of heat. In a more meaningful way, it is stated as the study of the transfer of energy. Energy transfer is something that we encounter in day-to-day life. Automobiles, chemical reactions, refrigerators, and power generators work on the basis of thermodynamic principles.