Which of the following statements about the "greenbeard" effect is correct? Richard Dawkins first hypothesized the existence of the "greenbeard" allele to explain why we observe some unusual phenotypes, such as green beard. According to the hypothesis, the reason why the greenbeard phenotype is selected for is because the greenbeard individuals would preferentially receive altruistic benefit from non-greenbeard individuals. The reason why the "greenbeard" hypothesis is possible is because when direct fitness and indirect fitness are in conflict, it is always the factors that increase the direct fitness that will triumph over the factors increasing the indirect fitness. The "greenbeard" effect shows that it is possible to evolve altruistic behavior toward individuals who are not genetic kin.
Which of the following statements about the "greenbeard" effect is correct?
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Richard Dawkins first hypothesized the existence of the "greenbeard" allele to explain why we observe some unusual phenotypes, such as green beard. |
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According to the hypothesis, the reason why the greenbeard phenotype is selected for is because the greenbeard individuals would preferentially receive altruistic benefit from non-greenbeard individuals. |
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The reason why the "greenbeard" hypothesis is possible is because when direct fitness and indirect fitness are in conflict, it is always the factors that increase the direct fitness that will triumph over the factors increasing the indirect fitness. |
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The "greenbeard" effect shows that it is possible to evolve altruistic behavior toward individuals who are not genetic kin. |
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