Which of the following is associated with intracellular nuclear receptors? O Transcription factors O Signal transduction O Transcription factors and signal transduction O None of the above
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- Intracellular receptors usually bind O Water-soluble signals O Large molecules that act as signals O Signals on the cell surface O Lipid-soluble signals O Protein growth factorsOf membrane-bound receptors and nuclear receptors, which is betteradapted for mediating a response that lasts a considerable length oftime, and which is better for mediating a response with a rapid onset andshort duration? Explain why.Is there any receptor (s) on the interior / cytoplasmic side of tha plasma membrane ? If yes , discuss.
- Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.Cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? O They are both down-regulated by lysosomal degradation They both involve receptor exoplasmic domain dimerization They both result in an effector protein entering the nucleus O They both involve cytosolic domain phosphorylationSmall molecules, such as cAMP, that relay signals within the cell are called O First messengers O Ligands OG proteins O Second messengers O Transcription factors +
- Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble signalingmolecule. Would you expect the receptor for NGF to beintracellular or in the plasma membrane? Why?What characteristic of the plasma membrane allows for themovement of the G protein complex toward and away fromthe receptor protein?Which type of receptor alters the cytoskeleton when a ligand binds to it? Integrin receptor G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) O Receptor-enzyme O Receptor-channel Submit Previous Answers Request Answer X Incorrect; Try Again; One attempt remaining This either opens or closes a channel, or alters intracellular enzyme activity in response to ligand binding.
- Non-canonical Hedgehog signaling results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, leading to cellmovement and changes in cell shape. Describe how changes to the actin cytoskeleton lead to cellmovement and changes in cell shape.You do not need to draw out the signaling pathway again (#1b). Your answer should focus onthe changes to the actin cytoskeleton. Drawings will be helpful!Name and define (briefly) the four different types of receptors involved in Cellsignaling. Give an example of a ligand and specific type of receptor (where would you find the receptor?) for one of the receptors defined.Immediate loss of the Sar1 GTPase activating protein would most likely influence which of the following processes? Outer coat recruitment Inner coat recruitment Coat disassembly Cargo binding to the receptor Sar1 integrating into the membrane