Which of the following is a possible result of viral infection in eukaryotic host cells? O 1) Syncytialization of host cells. 2) Inclusion bodies within the cytoplasm. 3) oncogenesis. 4) Host cell death 5) All of the above

Q: In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with…

A: The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an infection that causes herpes in various parts of the body that…

Q: What do you understand about a pandemic? What is Coronavirus or COVID 19 and its causative agent?

A: According to the question, we have to explain what is pandemic. In addition to that, we need to…

Q: What probably plays the most important role in determining the tissue and host specificity of…

A: Host specificity - A virus  has specific attachment proteins in the capsid or glycoproteins embedded…

Q: During the infective process, viruses may incorporatesegments of the host genome into their…

A: All viruses depend on cells for reproduction and metabolic processes. Viruses do not encode for all…

Q: Why is poliovirus spread so effectively?

A: The causative agent for polio, the poliovirus is a virus that contains single stranded RNA genome…

Q: what is the structure, life cycle, clinical relevance and transmission methods of the influenza…

A: A, B, C, and D are the four types of influenza viruses. Almost every winter in the States, human…

Q: Briefly describe the genetic structure of a typical retrovirus

A: Retrovirus is a kind of virus that once enters into the host's cell, inserts a copy of its genomic…

Q: Which of the following is a common order of the steps in a viralreproductive cycle? (Note:…

A: Viruses are sub microscopic infectious agents. They can infect all types of organisms from plants…

Q: At what specific sites within the body can the poliomyelitis virus multiply? What is the usual…

A: Virus refers to the infectious agent that replicates (or multiples) in the host cells. It comprises…

Q: What is the oxygen requirement of Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?

A: Introduction  One of the nine known herpes viruses that infect people is human alphaherpesvirus 3,…

Q: All of the following are needed for coronavirus to infect the host and make more viral particles…

A: The coronavirus contains long RNA polymers in the core. Core is surrounded by capsid which is made…

Q: All of the following are characteristics of a virus with a promiscuous host range EXCEPT: Binding…

A: NOTE: Thanks for mentioning which answers you needed. Virus Virus is small infectious particles…

Q: During viral infection, attachment is usually specific to a particular celltype becausea. the virus…

A: Viruses do not come under the categories of Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes as they exhibit the dual…

Q: Viruses that persist in the (host) cell and cause recurrent disease are called latent. True or…

A: True.

Q: Name two noncellular infectious agents besides viruses.

A: There are some noncellular infectious agents. A virus is composed of a protein code and a genetic…

Q: Why are retroviruses so named? What is required to carry outthis process?

A: Retroviruses are the group of viruses that belong to the Retroviridae family and carry their genetic…

Q: Which of the following processes occurs in both lytic and nonlytic viral infections?(i) Infected…

A: Statement (i) Infected cell ruptures to release viral particles is only limited to lytic cycle…

Q: Describe the four steps in a lytic phage infection.

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: Describe three ways in which animal viruses enter into a host cell.

A: Many different kinds of viruses are present which infect the organism. Some cause illness and some…

Q: Match the following: a.naked, polyhedral DNA virus b.enveloped, polyhedral DNA virus c.enveloped,…

A: Characteristics of viruses- acellular, can not replicate unless inside of a cell, metabolically…

Q: Name three noncellular infectious agents besides viruses.

A: The invasion of the body of organisms generally known as the host by some other organism most…

Q: Class V viruses carry their own polymerases within their viral particles: why is this necessary?

A: Class V viruses have a negative-sense RNA genome, genomes of Class V viruses may be segmented or…

Q: How can the outcome of an SV40 viral infection differ inpermissive versus nonpermissive hosts?

A: Virus is a microorganism that is smaller when compared to a bacterium. They lack the ability to…

Q: Why transovarial viral transmission is present in case of propagative viruses?

A: Viruses are small collection of genetic code, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat.…

Q: Host specificity of a virus is due to 1) similarities in size between the virus and the host cell.…

A: Viruses are intracellular parasites that are obligate. A virus must bind to a "living cell" that can…

Q: What steps in the viral maturation process are inhibited bynucleoside analogs? By protease…

A: A virus is a microscopic organism that is pathogenic to humans and animals, mainly. The genetic…

Q: Why do we classify viruses as obligatory intracellular parasites?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only within an organism's live cells.…

Q: Explain the term retrovirus.

A: Viruses cannot reproduce themselves. They need the machinery of a host cell to reproduce. The…

Q: What defines a virus' host range?

A: NOTE: AS PER OUR GUIDELINES, WE ARE ONLY SUPPOSED TO ANSWER FIRST QUESTION, PLEASE RESUBMIT THE…

Q: Why are viral diagnoses difficult? Because they are very small and hard to see Because they rarely…

A: Virus  An Infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is…

Q: the following are the functions of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? i) it hydrolyzes the host…

A: Retrovirus This virus uses RNA as its genomic material. This virus inserts a copy of its genome into…

Q: What are three reasons that retroviruses are studied so much these days?

A: Retroviruses are enveloped, icosahedral viruses that possess a RNA of about 7-10 kb. They are…

Q: Compared with other archaeal viruses, what are two unusualfeatures of the virus that infects…

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: What is the function of the VPg protein of poliovirus,and how can coronaviruses replicate without a…

A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells. Once inside a…

Q: How does the role of reverse transcriptase in the replicationcycles of retroviruses and…

A: A virus is a group of microorganisms that consist of a submicroscopic infectious particle that…

Q: How do parvoviruses “trick” the host DNA polymerase into replicating their genomes? Why must this…

A: DNA's full form is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the main constituent of the chromosome. It contains…

Q: What type of viruses are most abundant in the humanvirome? How are they beneficial to humans?

A: Human virome as the term suggests is the total count of bacteria residing in the human body. Some of…

Q: What can be observed in wet mounts or hanging-drop slides that cannot be observed in heat-fixed…

A: In a wet mount slide the specimen is suspended in the drop of liquid(water) placed on the slide and…

Q: What is an enveloped virus, and how does the envelope arise?What are spikes, how are they formed,…

A: The virus is obligate intracellular parasites that are unable to survive without a host. The virus…

Q: what makes retrviruses unique?

A: Retroviruses are the type of viruses that have ribonucleic acid (RNA) as the genetic material, which…

Q: Match each of the following viral families with the appropriate viral genera:

A: Virus are connecting link between living and non living.  Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes…

Q: Which of these is not a general pattern of virus morphology?a. enveloped, helical b. naked,…

A: Virus is generally a nucleoprotein and ultramicroscopic entity which only becomes active inside a…

Q: What is the difference between a persistent and a latent viralinfection?

A: The viral infection starts with the lysis of the host cell membrane to release the new virus…

Q: What are the similarities and differences betweenviruses and viroids?

A: Given: Need to find the similarities and differences between viruses and viroids

Q: Which of the following terms is used for the stage of viral replication primarily responsible for…

A: Viruses are infectious agents that are tiny in size. Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasitic…

Q: Why are hantaviruses considered a major public health problemin the United States?

A: Hantaviruses are responsible for causing a deadly respiratory illness, also known as Hantavirus…

Q: Explain the four steps in a lytic phage infection.

A: Bacteriophage is a bacteria-eating virus. A bacteriophage's structure is similar to that of a…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.