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- Question 2. An enzyme was found to convert Acetyl-coA to an acetyl-cysteine intermediate of the enzyme. The structure of cOA is: H H НО СН; HS — СH2— СH2 — N—C—CH,— CH2—N- С—С—С—CH;—0—Р- 0–CH2 Adenine н CH H H H Phosphopantetheine group of coenzyme A 2-O3PO ОН Draw a plausible chemical mechanism. Where is the acetyl-group in acetyl-coA? What is the reactive group of the protein? The reaction is enhanced at higher pH. How is this consistent with your mechanism? Is covalent catalysis involved?QUESTION 34 Which of the following represents a reaction that could be used to refil the TCA cycle Aspartate -a -ketoglutarate Pyruvate Oxaloacetate O Oxaloacetate- Phosphoenol pyruvate Citrate - Oxaloacetate + acetyl COAQuestion 1. (a) The TCA cycle plays a a central role in the aerobic catabolism of fuel molecules. Explain the dependence of the TCA cycle on aerobic conditions, (b) Compute the theoretical yield of ATP by oxidative phosphorylate when the acetyl-CoA obtained from B-oxidation of palmitic acid (16:0) is completely in an e aerobic cell show all working.
- Question 9 If 14CO2 (radioactive carbon) were incorporated into the TCA cycle via the Pyruvate Carboxylase reaction which of the following molecules would contain radioactive carbon? O Multiple answers: Multiple answers are accepted for this question Select one or more answers and submit. For keyboard navigation. SHOW MORE V a Oxaloacetate b Citric acid Isocitric acid d a-Ketoglutarate e Succinyl-CoA f Succinate Fumarate h MalateQuestion 5: (a) Why is it important that gluconeogenesis is not the exact reversal of glycolysis? (b) A liver extract capable of carrying out all the normal metabolic reactions of the liver is briefly incubated with "C-labelled bicarbonate ion, [1"C]-HCO,. Trace the pathway of this labeled precursor through gluconeogenesis and indicate the location of the "C label in all intermediates and in the product glucose.QUESTION 33 Bonus: An a-D-aldopentofuranose has how many chiral carbons
- Question 3: A runner just finished a marathon. For the enzymes listed below, indicate whether the enzyme activity is upregulated (1) or downregulated (↓) in the muscle and liver, respectively. Enzyme (a) Glycogen synthase (b) Phosphofructokinase-1 (c) Fructose-Bisphosphatase-2 (d) Pyruvate kinase (e) Pyruvate carboxylase (f) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Muscle LiverQUESTION 2 ADP AG"=-18.9 kJ/mol 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate Normal free energy of the shown step of glycolysis coupled with synthesis of one molecule of ATP is -18.9 kJ/mol. Calculate AG" (in kJ/mol) of dephosphorylation of 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate if AG"¹ of synthesis of ATP from ADP is 1.75. ATP AG" = 1.75 kJ/molQuestion 12 Which reaction in glycolysis consumes an inorganic phosphate (P₁)? O oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate O isomerization of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate O cleavage of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate O phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate Prev
- Question 36 What type of reactions is represented below? CH2OH CH2OH C=0 H-C-OH HO-C-H HO-C-H CH2OH CH2OH O oxidation of a secondary alcohol O oxidation of a primary alcohol O oxidation of a ketotetrose O reduction of a ketotetroseQUESTION 44 Gluconeogenesis can be described as "glycolysis backwards" but some enzymes are replaced by different enzymes in gluconeogenesis. Which of the following enzyme(s) is / are needed to replace pyruvate kinase? OA phosphogycerate mutase OB phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Oc pyruvate carboxylase OD pyruvate dehydrogenase OE both B and C are needed to replace pyruvate kinase QUESTION 45 Oxaloacetate appears in multiple pathways in metabolism. Which of the following statements describing its role is incorrect? OA it will be converted to malate to be removed from the mitochondria to be used in gluconeogenesis in the faste state OB. it will be replenished by the action of pyruvate carboxylase in the fed state Ocit will condense to form citrate with acetyl CoA in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the fed state O D.it will condense to form citrate with acetyl CoA in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the fasted state OE none of the above statements (A, B, C, or D) are incorrectQuestion 1: In some microorganisms, carbon fixation occurs by reversal of the citric acid cycle. This reversal is accomplished in part by the use of a strong reductant (ferredoxin) to drive the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction in the reductive direction. Part a: ΔG°‘ for reaction as it occurs in the ‘normal’ (oxidative) citric acid cycle is -30.1 kJ/mol. The standard reduction potential for NADH is -0.32 V. In order to drive the reaction in the reverse direction, the reductant (a ferredoxin) must have a lower reduction potential than NADH/NAD+. Remembering that this is a two-electron reduction, and using the numbers given just above, compute the value of the ferredoxin reduction potential that would be needed to make the standard free energy zero (so that the reductive reaction is enegetically just as favorable as the oxidative reaction). Assume that all of the other reactants are the same in the reductive as in the oxidative reaction. Write out the steps in your calculation;…