Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system, also called the locomotor system, is an organ system that gives humans and animals the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. It provides stability, form, support, and movement to the body. The skeleton is composed of bones (skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system is subdivided into two broad systems, such as the muscular system and the skeletal system.
Skeletal structure
The skeletal system is the core framework of the human body. The skeletal structure comprises bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The skeletal structure of our body acts as a support structure. It maintains the body's shape and is responsible for its movement, blood cell formation, protection of organs, and mineral storage. The skeletal system is referred to as the musculoskeletal system.
Which neourotransmitter does methadone affect and how does the drug alter neurotransmission?
Methadone is also known by it's brand names Dolophine and methadose.Route of administration of methadone drug is by mouth,intravenous insufflation , sublingual and rectal.It has rapid onset of action.Side effects include dizziness, sleeping,vomiting and sweating.
Before understanding the mechanism of actions of methadone,we must understand how opioids work in our body.
Opioids have two inhibitory action.They act on;
- Presynaptic nerve terminal
- At postsynaptic neuron
Opioids block μ (mu) receptors,and hence prevents the secretion of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which acts on dopaminergic neurons by and inhibits the dopamine release.This inhibition of opioids on GABA leads to increased release of dopaminergic neurons and thus increase in release of dopamine is responsible for addiction in opioids.
So here comes the role of methadone drug which is commonly used in rehabilitation of people who are addicted with opioids drugs.
Methadone acts on the full µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and N-methyl-d-aspartate(NMDA) receptor Antagonist.
N-methyl -D-aspartate(NMDA) is an amino acid derivative which acts on NMDA receptor and mimic the action of glutamate.
Hence methadone acts as an antagonist against glutamate.Glutamate is main excitatory neurotransmitters of central nervous system.
Hence methadone affects glutamate neurotransmitter.
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