When designing a study to examine the potential association between a plant based diet and heart disease, do you think a cohort or case-controlled study would be most suitable? Provide a comparison of these two study types and the reasons for your conclusion.
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When designing a study to examine the potential association between a plant based diet and
heart disease, do you think a cohort or case-controlled study would be most suitable? Provide a
comparison of these two study types and the reasons for your conclusion.
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- What is the difference between a cohort study and a case control study, and what are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in their design, respectively?A cohort of 3,400 people followed for 10 years, of whom 1,600 were exposed to a chemical and another 1,800 who were not exposed. As the outcome, the incidence of cases of myeloid leukemia was measured. In the exposed group there were 100 cases and in the group without product exposure (25) cases in 10 years (prospective cohort study). a. Prepare a contingency table b. Compute and interpret the following: b.1 Cumulative incidence b.2 CI exposed and unexposed b.3 Relative risk b.4 Attributable risk b.5 Attributable risk among the exposedCompare the 95% confidence interval for the difference between two true means with the 95% confidence interval for an individual true kean. Describe one way in which these two equations are similar and state four ways in which these equations differ.
- A study of smoking and lung cancer was conducted in a small island population. There were a total of 1,000 people in the study, and the study participants were followed over a ten year period. Four hundred were smokers and 600 were not. Of the smokers, fifty developed lung cancer. Of the non-smokers, 10 developed lung cancer. Calculate the relevant measure of association, interpret and make a conclusion. Compute Attributable Risk and interpret . Describe the difference between incidence rate and the prevalence rate.In a cohort study, men were classified as having high or low cholesterol levels. Among the group with low cholesterol levels there were 50 heart attacks in 5000 person-years of follow-up and among the group with high cholesterol levels there were 150 heart attacks in 6000 person-years of follow-up. 1. What was the incidence of heart attack among men with low cholesterol levels? 2. What was the incidence of heart attack among men with high cholesterol levels? 3. What was the incidence of heart attack all men? 4. If high cholesterol levels are a cause of heart attack, what proportion of heart attacks in men could theoretically be prevented if nobody had a high cholesterol level?In a cohort study on HRT and breast cancer, the incidence of breast cancer among those who used HRT is 20 per 1,000, and the incidence among those who did not use HRT is 1 per 1,000. The incidence of breast cancer among those who used HRT that can be attributed to HRT is ___ per 1,000. In a cohort study on HRT and breast cancer, the incidence of breast cancer among those who used HRT is 20 per 1,000, and the incidence among those who did not use HRT is 1 per 1,000. The incidence of breast cancer among those who used HRT that can be attributed to HRT is ___ per 1,000. 8 9 20 19
- I. STUDY DESIGNS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY: Answer the questions subsequently. A. Suppose you want to determine whether pesticide-use can cause cancer to farmers, I want you to design a method using the longitudinal cohort study design. Your method must answer the following specific questions: a. What will be your cohort groups? Define your cohorts. b. What questions/exposures will your survey instrument contain? c. How will you gather your data? d. How will you interpret your data? e. Provide a plausible causal narrative to your “theoretical data” B. One of the most memorable epidemiologic incidents in the Philippines was the sudden food poisoning of school children in Bohol which killed 15 children while 240 others being crippled. As an epidemiologist, you are tasked to go the place and conduct an independent epidemiologic analysis using retrospective cohort study design. Design a method following this design. Your method must answer the following specific questions: a. What will be your…What is the primary reason for randomizing group allocation in a randomized controlled trial (RCT)? Question 3 options: to create treatment and control groups of equal size to blind participants to their group allocation to evenly distribute known and unknown factors that may affect the outcome between groups to increase the treatment effect between intervention and control groupsPlease answer ASAP 12. Which of the following statement is false regarding a cross-sectional study? a. Prevalence of a variable can be estimated.b. It cannot determine causality between the exposure and the outcome.c. There may be a comparison group in the design of the study.d. Relative risk can be calculated as a measure of association.e. One of its advantages is there cannot be any lost to follow-up
- When randomizing people to the intervention v. control group in the context of a randomized controlled trial, you should: Choose to enroll the people who are most likely to comply with your study protocol into the intervention group to avoid the problem of people not following through with the prescribed treatment you wish to study and thus lowering your chances of detecting an effect. Allow people to give their informed consent to participate in your study after they find out whether they have been randomized to one of the groups (either intervention or control), so that people who have doubts about any potential risks can make an informed choice about their participation after knowing what group they will be in. Make sure that you are aware of which people are in the intervention group and which are in the control group so that you can tailor your research questions to their groups. All of the above None of the aboveAnswer the following questions using data from the figure above. a. What is the overall treatment effect? b. Provide a written interpretation of the treatment effect and 95% confidence interval. Support you answer with data from the table above. c. Would you implement the intervention (YES or NO)? Provide rationale for your answer considering the spheres of the EIDM model.Consumption of coffee may be a protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease. To test this association, health and nutrition data from 60 countries around the world were obtained, and the correlation between per capita annual consumption of coffee and age-standardized incidence of Alzheimer’s disease was analyzed. What type of study design is it? Ecologic study Cohort study Case-control study Randomized controlled trial Quasi experimental study