Answered: When an incompressible fluid flows…

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Question

1) When an incompressible fluid flows through a restricted (narrower) portion of a pipe, mass flow is preserved, so it:

sloshes back and forth.

must speed up.

remains at constant speed

slows down.

creates a shock wave.

2) When an incompressible fluid moves from a wider pipe into a narrower one, it speeds up. This means that the wider portion must do work on the fluid (to accelerate it), and therefor the pressure there...

goes to zero.

is lower than in the narrow portion.

is higher than in the narrow portion.

is the same as in the narrow portion.

cannot be calculated.

3) Normally, when the temperature of a solid, liquid, or gas increases, it expands, i.e., its volume V increases (and its mass density: ρ = m /V decreases). Because of its relatively strong hydrogen bonds, water ice forms an orderly, hexagonal lattice structure that requires the molecules to be about 9% further apart than when in the liquid phase, which means ice floats on water. From 0 °C to 4 °C, a few neighboring water molecules still remain in this structure, with an increasing amount of single molecules floating about freely.

Therefore, ice sinks in water.

Therefore, water starts to freeze at absolute zero (0 K).

Thus, water never completely melts until it starts boiling.

Thus, there is no aquatic life in lakes that freeze during the winter.

This leads to the unusual behavior of water to increase its density when warming in the above temperature range.

8) Considering the unusual temperature-density relationship of water between 0 °C and 4 °C, how do you expect convection to work in a camping cooler, filled with ice cubes and melted water at approximately 0 °C, and warmer soda cans?

Water close to the surface of a soda can heats up to slightly above 0 °C, thus contracts and increases its mass density, and floats downward due to gravity, being replaced by approximately 0 °C water from the top. The slightly warmed water will cool against ice cube surfaces, expand, and float upwards again.

Convection always moves a gas or liquid upward, next to a warmer surface, due to gravity.

Convection only ever takes place under gravity if you have heating from the top, and cooling from the bottom.

Convection only takes place in gases.

There is no convection in this scenario.

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