What sets thermoplastics and thermosets apart from the other? * retaining of plastic properties adaptation to their long polymer chains reaction to heat coping with their bonds
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- Compare thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers: (a) according of mechanical characteristics upon heating; and (b) on the basis of possible molecular structures.(a) The density of diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, and that ofgraphite is 2.3 g/cm3. Based on the structure of buckminsterfullerene,what would you expect its density to berelative to these other forms of carbon? (b) X-ray diffractionstudies of buckminsterfullerene show that it has aface-centered cubic lattice of C60 molecules. The length ofan edge of the unit cell is 14.2 Å. Calculate the density ofbuckminsterfullerene.(a) What molecular features make a polymer flexible? (b) Ifyou cross-link a polymer, is it more flexible or less flexiblethan it was before?
- The molecular formula of n-decane is CH3(CH2)8CH3. Decaneis not considered a polymer, whereas polyethylene is.What is the distinction?(a) Describe the structure of each of the categories of polymers below. Thermoplastics: Thermosets: Elastomers: (b) Of the above polymers, which behaves most like a ceramic? Explain your answerThe best known acrylic is polymethylmethacrylate, which is sold as a product known as lucite. (a) Sketch the structure of the polymer. (b) Is it linear or network-shaped?, (c) Is it crystalline?, (c) Is it thermoplastic?
- How will you distinguish between the following pairs of terms:(i) Tetrahedral and octahedral voids(ii) Crystal lattice and unit cell(b) Compare the thermoplastic and thermoset polymer on the basis of: i. Molecular structure (in the form of sketches) ii. Their behavior upon heating iii. Tensile strength of the engineering stress-strain curve (in the form of sketches) iv. Recyclabilityc) The physical characteristics of a polymer depend not only on its molecular weight and shape, but also based on the structure of the molecular chains. Classify the differences between all the molecular chains.
- Polymers do not crystallise easily because:a) they are long chain moleculesb) they contain covalent bondsc) the molecules are interconnected with H-bondingAt room temperature and pressure RbI crystallizes with theNaCl-type structure. (a) Use ionic radii to predict the length ofthe cubic unit cell edge. (b) Use this value to estimate the density.(c) At high pressure the structure transforms to one witha CsCl-type structure. (c) Use ionic radii to predict the lengthof the cubic unit cell edge for the high-pressure form of RbI.(d) Use this value to estimate the density. How does this densitycompare with the density you calculated in part (b)?Some polymeric materials are opaque and some are clear and tranparent. Explain why.