Q: What types of genetic activities occur during interphase? Explainwhy these activities cannot occur…
A: Interphase comprises of G1 phase (Gap 1), S phase(synthesis) and G2 phase(Gap 2). During this phase,…
Q: Does crossing over occur during prophase II? From an evolutionary perspective, why is this…
A: Chromosomes can be defined as the thread-like structures that is located inside the nucleus of…
Q: What cohesins facilitate the attachment of sister kineto-chores to microtubules emanating from the…
A: The segregation of homologous chromosomes lies in them being pulled apart by microtubules. On one…
Q: What is a structure in the centromere region of each chromatid that is specialized for conveyance?
A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…
Q: What would happen if the SRY gene was moved to chromsome 2, adjacent to the LCT gene? Would SRY…
A: The SRY gene is present on the Y chromosome. Therefore, it is only present in males. It is…
Q: Please describe the important events that occur at each stage: 1. Interphase а. G1 b. S С. G2 2.…
A: cells divide in our body , for some organisms cell division is the process of reproduction like…
Q: Explain how prophase I and metaphase I introduce variation.
A: Meiosis is a type of cell division in which in which number of chromosome is reduced to half. It is…
Q: what is the Mechanism of DNA Replication in DrosophilaChromosomes?
A: DNA replication is the process in which DNA makes a copy of itself by copying a double-stranded DNA…
Q: why The chromatids formed byrecombination within the inversion loop of a pericentric…
A: When the region between two breaks of the same chromosome rotate 180°, it results in chromosomal…
Q: Describe the phases of interphase. a.) G1 B.) S C.) G2
A: Interphase is a metabolically active stage between two mitotic divisions during which the cell…
Q: What are the possible structural anomalies of chromosomes during metaphase-anaphase Stages…
A: Karyotyping is the process of matching and ordering all of an organism's chromosomes, resulting in a…
Q: Describe the folded-fiber model of the mitotic chromosome
A: Taylor and his coworkers introduced this model of chromosome structure in 1957, 1963 and is based on…
Q: What would happen to a Dicentric chromosome during cell division?
A: DNA is the genetic material in almost all living organisms. It is a very large molecule that is…
Q: After crossing over the points of attachment between non sister chromatids what are they called?
A: Crossing over is the process of exchange of the chromosome segments between the non-sister…
Q: Why does therecombination frequency ofgenes vary with the distancebetween them in thechromosome?
A: The genetic material exchange between the two homologous chromosomes and that produces recombinant…
Q: What is the function of a centromere? At what stage of the cellcycle would you expect the centromere…
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
Q: In prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo synapsisand crossing over. Can this also…
A: Crossing over is an essential mechanism responsible for shuffling of genes. It occurs during the…
Q: For S phase to be completed in a timely manner, DNA replication must be initiated from multiple…
A: The cell cycle is the sequence of phases that takes place in the process of cell division. To…
Q: What is the function of the fused kinetochore found on sister chromatids in prometaphase I?
A: The pro-metaphase I is the second stage of the first meiotic division I. During this phase, the…
Q: This event occurs during prophase I when homologous chromosomes pair up and form a tetrad
A: Recombination frequency is a measure of single cross over that takes place between the two genes…
Q: What functions do the two centromere-associatedcomplexes, cohesin and the kinetochore, play…
A: Chromosomes are the condensed form of DNA that are formed by the condensation of chromatin material…
Q: Why is the difference in cohesin cleavage in mitosis and meiosis important for proper segregation in…
A: Two types of cell division is seen in sexually reproducing organisms. They are mitosis and meiosis.…
Q: What are a deletion loop and an inversion loop? What is the importance of these loops during cell…
A: Introduction Mitosis and meiosis are the two kinds of cell division. When people say "cell…
Q: In metaphase, kinetochore microtubules have... tubulin heterodimers added and removed at the plus…
A: A stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most…
Q: During which of the following stages of interphase does the chromosomes consist of two chromatids…
A: G1, G2 and S
Q: What is the structural basis ofchromosome condensation, andhow is the process stimulated…
A: Introduction Cytology refers to the study of cells such as cell morphology, physiology, etc. As we…
Q: Cohesin complexes hold chromatids together until theenzyme___________ cleaves the cohesin at…
A: Cohesin are the protein complex that holds sister chromatids together till anaphase. It helps in…
Q: Describe what the mitotic spindle does during anaphase 2?
A: The fundamental and active biological process by which a parent cell after replication of its…
Q: Explain, through the use of an illustration, the role of the anaphase promoting complex (APC / P) in…
A: The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multisubunit ubiquitin protein ligase that…
Q: List several ways in which telophase appears to be the reverse ofprophase and prometaphase.
A: In eukaryotes, there are two types of cell division, namely mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis occurs in…
Q: Crossing over occurs during prophase prophase I metaphase I prophase II (a) (b) (c) (d)
A: Cell division is the process by which cell divides into daughter cells . It can be meosis and…
Q: Please describe the important events that occur at each stage: 1. Interphase a. G1 b. S c. G2 2.…
A: cells divide in our body , for some organisms cell division is the process of reproduction like…
Q: Are spindle fibers visible in the interphase? And, describe the appearance of spindle fiber during…
A: Spindle fibers make a protein which split the genetic constituents inside the cell. This spindle is…
Q: Anaphase B involves the separation of spindle poles. What forces have been proposed to drive this…
A: Anaphase is the third stage, followed by metaphase that is characterized by the seperation of…
Q: Describe in detail how the anaphase promoting complex processes result initiate anaphase, including…
A: APCCdc20 and APCCdh1 dependent cell cycle protein depletion. APCCdc20 is activated at the…
Q: Describe the three basic steps in the formation and fusion of autophagosomes.
A: Autophagosomes are double-membraned vesicles that contain cellular material slated to be degraded by…
Q: How many DNA molecules are in a mitotic chromosome?How many strands of DNA nucleotides are in a…
A: DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid which contains nitrogenous base pairs, deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate…
Q: What is a deletion loop and an inversion loop? What are the importance of these loops during cell…
A: Deletion loop mutagenesis is another, general technique for site-guided mutagenesis that permits…
Q: Describe the series of events by which APC/C promotes the separation of sister chromatids at…
A: Anaphase promoting complex has a tendency to promote the transition of chromosomes that come from…
Q: What would be the effect of crossing-over between two sister chromatids?
A: A chromosome has one chromatid before DNA replication.
Q: Asymmetric cell division often relies on cytoskeletal elements to generate or maintain the…
A: Introduction A parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells in the process of cell division.…
Q: what forms during crossing over in prophase 1?
A: Cell division is a process of a parent cell replicating it chromosomal content and dividing itself…
Q: What are two molecular controls that trigger the onset of different stages of the cell cycle?
A: For making the cell cycle in a forward way, there should be activating acyclin and inactivating the…
Q: What is the name of the structure that holds homologous chromosomes together after they have paired…
A: A chromosome is a compact form of DNA molecule present in dividing cells. In metabolically active…
Q: Briefly describe how the chromosomes move toward the spindle poles during anaphase.
A: Anaphase is a stage of karyokinesis (nuclear division) of mitotic cell division of cells happens…
Q: What are the functionalroles of the mitotic spindle in an animal cell? Explain how thesefunctions…
A: The isolation of the repeated chromosomes is achieved by a complex cytoskeletal structure with many…
What molecular mechanism seems to be responsible for the movement of the
poles during anaphase?
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Solved in 2 steps
- Anaphase B involves the separation of spindle poles. What forces have been proposed to drive this separation? What underlying molecular mechanisms are thought to provide these forces?What is a structure in the centromere region of each chromatid that is specialized for conveyance?What types of genetic activities occur during interphase? Explainwhy these activities cannot occur during M phase.
- Explain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop. a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in? Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase? The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis? As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves…What is the key difference between anaphase I and anaphase II?What is the function of mitotic spindle?
- What is the key difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?What is the function of a centromere? At what stage of the cellcycle would you expect the centromere to be the most important?The interphase is the part of the eukaryotic cell cycle that is most transcriptionally active. Gene regulation during this phase involves changes in the chromatin. a) What is chromatin? b) How can the chromatin structure change?
- Kinetochores control the transition from metaphase to anaphase. Why is this statement true? Question 7 options: a) Anaphase will only begin after the M checkpoint where all the kinetochores and mitotic spindle have correctly attached. b) Anaphase will only begin after the M checkpoint where all the mitotic spindle have correctly formed. c) Kinetochores bind to microtubules in monotelic attachment to the sister chromatids. d) Kinetochores bind to microtubules in syntelic attachment to the sister chromatids. e) Kinetochores will halt at the M checkpoint to weaken the mitotic spindle formation, which is the event that initiates anaphase.What structure is formed by when two sister chromatids areheld together by a centromere?Describe how the duplicated bacterial chromosomes are distributed into new daughter cells without the direction of the mitotic spindle.