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What is the smallest unit of an antibody that can retain the specificity and binding affinity of the whole protein?

Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6E

6th Edition

ISBN:9781133893943

Author:ESTRIDGE

Publisher:ESTRIDGE

Chapter4: Basic Immunology And Immunohematology

Section4.1: Introduction To Immunology

Problem 10RQ

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Concept explainers

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

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What is the variable region of an antibody? The hypervariable or complementarity-determining region? The constant region?
Observe the structure of antibodies below that has four protein subunits. Explain why we only see two (not four) bands on the SDS PAGE gel.
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The ends of each heavy chain and light chain in an immunoglobulin make up the antigen-binding sites. The end of one of these chains is shown here. Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed alpha and beta, or neither alpha nor beta. Based on the model shown here, how would you classify this part of the immunoglobulin protein? The loopy polypeptide segments at the very top of the structure shown are the segments that actually contact the antigen. Would you expect these binding segments to be rigid or flexible?
What kind(s) of intermolecular interactions could be involved in the binding between an antibody and an antigen such as the spike protein?
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