What is the function of including an outgroup in this phylogeny? After all, the point of the phylogeny is to see which Galapagos finch species are most closely related to each other. OutgroupsCerthidea olivaceaWarbler finchesCerthidea fuscaPlatyspiza crassirostris Vegetarian finchPinaroloxias inornataCocos Island finchGeospiza difficilisGround finchCamarhynchus pauperCamarhynchus parvulusTree finchesCamarhynchus psittaculaCactospiza heliobates Mangrove finchCactospiza pallidaWoodpecker finchGeospiza difficilisGeospiza fuliginosaGeospiza fortisGround finchesGeospiza magnirostrisGeospiza conirostrisGeospiza conirostrisCactus finchesGeospiza scandensEVOLUTION 4e, Figure 2.2© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

An outgroup is a lineage that falls outside the clade being studied but is closely related to that…

Answered: What is the function of including an…

What is the function of including an outgroup in this phylogeny? After all, the point of the phylogeny is to see which Galapagos finch species are most closely related to each other.

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter18: Organizing Information About Species

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2DAA: Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a...

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Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group of students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade had been controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. It particularly lacked the "old tent" odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the po'ouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the po'ouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade's closest relative (FIGURE 18.10). FIGURE 18.10 Phylogeny of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers and 28 other finch species. Which species on the cladogram represents an outgroup?
This is an example of a female wing. ANAN MORE VIDEOS gadwall shoveler pintail wigeon
Cactus ground finch Small tree Medium tree Woodpecker finch finch finch Medium ground finch G. scandens C. parvulus C. pauper C. pallidus Green Gray G. fortis Large ground finch Small ground finch Large cactus ground finch Vegetarian finch Mangrove finch warbler warbler Large tree finch finch finch G. fuliginosa G. conirostris C. crassirostris C. psittacula C. heliobates olivacea Certhidea Certhidea fusca G. magnirostris Short-beaked ground finch Bud eaters G. difficilis Cactus flower Seed eaters eaters Insect eaters Tree finches Genus Camarhynchus Ground finches Warbler finches Genus Geospiza Genus Certhidea Common ancestor from South American mainland O Morton Publishirg Company Bud eaters share a common ancestor with insect eaters. If an insect-eating species shares more phylogenetic traits with the vegetarian finch, what kind of phylogenetic relation do the two share?
Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction Organism Identification There are over 1.5million species oflivingthings onthe planet. Allofthemmustreproduce, either asexually or sexually. Asexual reproduction is a process that requires only one parent, and produces offspring that are genetically identicalto the parent. Sexual reproduction requires DNA from spermandegg cells that combine to form offspring that are genetically unique.
Spcies Total Number Elmidae Adult 6 (1 dead) Elmidae larva 8 (2 dead) water mite 2 Caddisfly 1 Group macroinvertebrates into highly sensitive to pollution, somewhat tolerant of pollution, or pollution tolerant categories
Species Community 1 Community 2 Community 3 Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) 12 15 3 Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax) 4 10 25 Red-vented cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia) 10 13 20 Philippine pygmy wood-pecker (Dendrocopos maculatus) 50 21 1 Philippine falconet (Microhierax erythrogenys) 3 16 2 Spotted wood kingfisher (Actenoides lindsayi) 5 19 11 White-eared brown dove (Phapitreron leucotis) 2 13 30 Luzon bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba luzonica) 1 9 45 Philippine trogon (Harpactes ardens) 5 19 1 Red-keeled flower pecker (Dicaeum australe) 4 16 32 Philippine bulbul (Hypsipetes philippinus) 11 13 1 Yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) 2 20 100 Amethyst brown dove (Phapitreron amethystinus) 0 15 1 Philippine hanging parrot (Loriculus philippensis) 5 19 22 Philippine pied fantail (Rhipidura nigritorquis) 10 21 11…
Species Community 1 Community 2 Community 3 Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) 12 15 3 Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax) 4 10 25 Red-vented cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia) 10 13 20 Philippine pygmy wood-pecker (Dendrocopos maculatus) 50 21 1 Philippine falconet (Microhierax erythrogenys) 3 16 2 Spotted wood kingfisher (Actenoides lindsayi) 5 19 11 White-eared brown dove (Phapitreron leucotis) 2 13 30 Luzon bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba luzonica) 1 9 45 Philippine trogon (Harpactes ardens) 5 19 1 Red-keeled flower pecker (Dicaeum australe) 4 16 32 Philippine bulbul (Hypsipetes philippinus) 11 13 1 Yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) 2 20 100 Amethyst brown dove (Phapitreron amethystinus) 0 15 1 Philippine hanging parrot (Loriculus philippensis) 5 19 22 Philippine pied fantail (Rhipidura nigritorquis) 10 21 11…
Species Community 1 Community 2 Community 3 Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) 12 15 3 Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax) 4 10 25 Red-vented cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia) 10 13 20 Philippine pygmy wood-pecker (Dendrocopos maculatus) 50 21 1 Philippine falconet (Microhierax erythrogenys) 3 16 2 Spotted wood kingfisher (Actenoides lindsayi) 5 19 11 White-eared brown dove (Phapitreron leucotis) 2 13 30 Luzon bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba luzonica) 1 9 45 Philippine trogon (Harpactes ardens) 5 19 1 Red-keeled flower pecker (Dicaeum australe) 4 16 32 Philippine bulbul (Hypsipetes philippinus) 11 13 1 Yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) 2 20 100 Amethyst brown dove (Phapitreron amethystinus) 0 15 1 Philippine hanging parrot (Loriculus philippensis) 5 19 22 Philippine pied fantail (Rhipidura nigritorquis) 10 21 11…
Phylum Arthopoda order Diptera (Hoverfly) Hymneoptera (Bee) Apis Apis www Eristalis Syritta Episyrp hus Baccha B. elongata Lepidoptera (Butterfly) genus Question w species Pieris Colias Colias cerena mellifera Sphaero S.scripta phoria Danaus www E. tenax S. pipiens' E.balteatus D plexippus P.brassicae C.croceus wwww m family Apidae Apidae Syrphidae 2 Syrphidae 1 Syrphidae 3 Syrphidae 6 Syrphidae 15 ae 5335 Nymphalid 5 Pieridae Pieridae autu C. myrmidone Pieridae Calculate Shannon Diversity Index (H) and Evenness(e) of all three orders (Hymneoptera(Bee), Diptera (Hoverfly) and Lepidaptera(Butterfly) for all 3 seasons(autumn, winter and spring) in excel showing all calculations. mn 14 9 12 4 60 3 winter spring H 0 OOO 0 2 4 1 2 30 18 9 WOT6 1 0 3 5 2 17 4 52
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the old tent odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clades closest relative (FIGURE 18.11). FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species. 1. Which species on the cladogram represents an outgroup?
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the old tent odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clades closest relative (FIGURE 18.11). FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species. 4. Which species is more closely related to the Palila (Loxioides bailleui): the Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) or the Maui Alauahio (Paroreomyza montana)?
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the old tent odor characteristic of other honeycreepers. In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clades closest relative (FIGURE 18.11). FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species. 3. What is the sister group of the Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)?