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- Actin filaments have a defined polarity. What is filament polarity? How is it generated at the subunit level?Microfilaments are long filamentous proteins made up of many globular proteins. What main protein are microfilaments composed of?Neurofilament proteins assemble into long, intermediate filaments , found in abundance running along the length of nerve cell axons. The C-terminal region of these proteins is an unstructured polypeptide, hundreds of amino acids long and heavily modified by the addition of phosphate groups. The term “polymer brush” has been applied to this part of the neurofilament. can you suggest why?
- Explain how the structure of intermediate filaments makes them better suited to provide mechanical strength than either microtubules or actin filaments.?How is filament polarity detectable?Actin filaments, microtubules, and bacterial flagella are all built from small subunits. Describe three advantages of assembling long filamentous structures from subunits rather than from single, long proteins.
- The concentration of actin in cells is 50–100 timesgreater than the critical concentration observed for pureactin in a test tube. How is this possible? What prevents theactin subunits in cells from polymerizing into filaments?Why is it advantageous to the cell to maintain such a largepool of actin subunits?A healthy 32-year-old man lifts weights regularly as part of his workout. In one of his biceps muscle fibers at rest, the length of the I band is 1.0 μm and the A band is 1.5 μm. Contraction of that muscle fiber results in a 10% shortening of the length of the sarcomere. What is the length of the A band after the shortening produced by muscle contraction? Draw the sarcomere before and after contraction.Actin filaments have polarity. The plus end is the end to which subunits are added more rapidly, or the end of polymerization. Which of the following would enable you to identify the plus end of actin filaments? A. Adding radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions favor depolymerization B. Adding radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions are favorable for polymerization C. Determining the ionic charge of the ends of the actin filaments D. None of the above