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The physical and functional unit is usually defined and allowed to state that they are been as the heredity is the gene. They also stated that they are a term to define as the pass on knowledge from one generation to the next. A gene is a nucleotide sequence in the genome that codes for a functional molecule. The gene's DNA sequence can be changed in a variety of ways.
Mutation: A mutation is an alteration or change that occurs in DNA. Mutagens are the agents that are responsible for DNA mutations. It contains UV (ultraviolet) and X-ray radiations. Mutations are codon variants produced by nucleotide alterations at or near the coding sequence. Mutations come in many forms, including base-pair substitution mutations, frameshift mutations, and mutations generated by mobile genetic elements.
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- You have a patient in your clinic presenting symptoms of cystic fibrosis. You screen their CFTR gene for mutations, and find the following list: CFTR 320 L V CFTR 341 S W CFTR 528 E D CFTR 976 F Q CFTR 1235 S R Which mutation(s) are likely causing cystic fibrosis in this patient? You also sequence a newborn family member of this patient. They have all of these same mutations, other than the one at position 976, and no other mutations in CFTR. Do you predict this person will develop cystic fibrosis? Explain why.What is the E-value of the sequence, what does your E-value reflect and what’s the importance of an E-value?In the table below, there are four versions of gene A, one of which is normal, and the other three which contain mutations that make the gene product nonfunctional. Focus on the shaded region of the sequence. Use the genetic code table to answer the question. How would you describe Mutation #2? Partial DNA sequence for gene A ("..." indicates many nucleotides of sequence not shown) 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Normal Mutation #1 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG AAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Mutation #2 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG TAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Mutation #3 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Silent mutation Nonsense mutation Frameshift mutations Missense mútation
- Based on the following wild type DNA sequence, indicate if each of the mutations should be classified as : insertion, deletion, missense, nonsense, silent (Use the provided Genetic Code table and remember you have been given DNA sequence). Wild Type: AUGAUUCUUAAAAGU Mutant 1: AUGAUUCUUUAAAGU Mutant 2: AUGAUUCUUGAAAGU Mutant 3: AUGAUCCUUAAAAGU Mutant 4: AUGAUCCUAAAAGU Mutant 5: AUGAUCCUUAAACAGU Socond letter Key: Ala = Alanine (A) Arg Arginine (R) Asn = UUU } UAU Tyr UGU UGC Cys UGA STOP UGG Trp UCU UCC UUC Phe Ser Asparagine (N) Asp = Aspartate (D) Cys Cysteine (C) Gin = Glutamine (Q) Glu = Glutamate (E) Gly = Glycine (G) His = Histidine (H) le = Isoleucine (1) Leucine (L) Lys Lysine (K) Met = Methionine (M) Phe = Phenylalanine (F) Pro Proline (P) Ser = Serine (S) Thr Threonine (T) Trp Tryptophan (W) Tyr Tyrosine (Y) - Valine (V) UCA UCG UAA STOP UAG STOP UUA Leu UUG S CCU CC CGU CUU CUC His CGC Arg Leu Pro CAA Gin CGA CCA CCG CUA CUG CGG Leu = AGU AUU AUC } lle AUA ACU ACC ACA Ser AAC…A wildtype gene produces the polypeptide sequence: Wildtype: Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly Each of the following polypeptide sequences is the result of a single mutation. Identify the most likely type of mutation causing each, be as specific as possible. M1:Met-Ser-Ser-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly missense mutation M2:Met-Ser-Pro M3:Met-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-Arg-Asp-Lys M4:Met-Ser-Pro-Glu-Gly nonsense mutation frameshift insertion in frame deletion M5:Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly in frame insertionAlign two sequences: horizontal – GGAATGG, vertical – ATG, m=1, mm = 0, g=-1. Use the table below for the NW matrix. Write down and score all optimal global alignments. Complete the NW matrix below and show the alignment paths. Use the arrows and circles for the matrix and paths. Click the shapes and move them using your keyboard arrow keys (or drag). Click the shapes and then right-click to copy/paste or click and use Ctrl + C to copy, then Ctrl + V to paste (in Windows MS Word). 0000 Align and score 4 optimal alignments here. the first line, v sequence in the second line and Each alignment should have h sequence individual scores for each alignment position in the third line.
- 5'GGT ACG TTG GGG CTC CAT3' This sequence is transcribed and translated. Write the resulting amino acid sequence using the 3 letter code. Write the answer in a all capital letters. Leave a space between the amino acids. Do not write 5' and 3'. 5'GGT ACG TTG GGG CTC CAT3' This sequence is transcribed and translated. If the G in Bold changes to a T, then the result will be A) A nonsense mutation B) A frameshift mutation C) A silent substitution D) A missense mutation 5'GGT ACG TTG GGG CTC CAT3' This sequence is transcribed and translated. If the G in Bold changes to a A, then the result will be A) A nonsenese mutation B) A frameshift mutation C) A silent substitution D) A missense mutationRepresentations of sequencing chromatograms for variants of the a chain of human hemoglobin are shown here. Match each of the variants with the corresponding amino acid change. You can use the codon table to decode each amino acid sequence. For example, the first triplet encodes for Val. Normal Chongqing ddATP ddCTP ddGTP ddTTP Pro to Thr Gly to Asp Leu to Arg Karachi Swan River Answer Bank Ala to Pro Asp to Gly Pro to Ala Arg to Leu Asp to Asn Arg to ValIdentify the type of mutation shown Original Sequence: GGC TAC ATG GAA Mutated Sequence: GGC TAA TGG AA
- Identify the type of mutation shown Original Sequence: GGC TAC ATG GAA Mutated Sequence: GGC TAA TGG AA deletionSouthern blotting is a method used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples while northern blotting is used for the detection of RNA in a sample. Write down the similarities and differences between both methods.Align two sequences: horizontal – GGAATGG, vertical – ATG, m= 2, mm = 0, g/o = -2, g/e = -1. Complete the NW matrix below and show the alignment paths. Write down and score all optimal alignments. Part 2. Dynamic Programming Assignment, Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm, Affine Gap Cost Click the shapes and move them using arrow keys (or drag). Click the shapes and right-click to copy/paste or click and use Ctrl + C to copy, then Ctrl + V to paste (in MS Word). 0000 Align and score all optimal alignments here. 0000
