VII. Please write a mechanism (showing all elementary steps) to rationalize the acid- catalyzed dehydration ration shown below, using curved arrows to show the flow of electrons. If any lone pairs are involved in a reaction, their involvement must be explicitly shown. The rate-limiting step must be identified. :) OH H₂SO4 heat + H₂O 6

VII. Please write a mechanism (showing all elementary steps) to rationalize the acid- catalyzed dehydration ration shown below, using curved arrows to show the flow of electrons. If any lone pairs are involved in a reaction, their involvement must be explicitly shown. The rate-limiting step must be identified. :) OH H₂SO4 heat + H₂O 6

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

When the alkyl bromides (listed here) were subjected to hydrolysis in a mixture of ethanol and water (80% EtOH/20% H2O) at 55 °C, the rates of the reaction showed the following order: (CH3)3CBR > CH3Br > CH3CH2Br > (CH3)2CHBR Provide an explanation for this order of reactivity.
(b) Write the mechanism for the formation of products in following reaction. Clearly show the intermediates in the reaction. Which product is a kinetically controlled and which one is the thermodynamically controlled product? CH3 CI. CI. A½O3, HCI H Ph-C=C-CH3 Ph CH3 Ph H.
Br Brz CH3 CH3 H3C CH2CI2 H3C Br Electrophilic addition of bromine, Br2; to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH,Cl). In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Br: :Br: .CH3 H3C H3C CH3 Br:
10. practice q 10 Compound Free Energy HO A A reacts with B in the presence of sodium hydride to give C as a major product. NH₂ Ph B ŌSO₂CF3 NaH, THF a) Provide a detailed mechanism for the formation of C and draw it in the box above. ( C b) Draw the reaction coordinate diagram of that reaction. Indicate with an arrow the rate- determining step of the reaction then draw its transition state: Reaction Coordinate c) The reaction rate observed was 5 x 10-2 M.s¹ when the concentrations of A and B were 0.2 M and 0.1 M respectively. Determine the rate of this reaction when the concentration of A and B are now 0.3 M and 0.2 M respectively. Show your work.
5-The hydrolysis of a series of ethyl benzoates by hydroxide ion in 85% aqueous ethanol has been investigated. A Hammett plot of the second order rate constants (K) gave a reaction constant p = 2.56. Calculate how much faster ethyl 4- nitrobenzoate will undergo base catalyzed hydrolysis compared to ethyl benzoate under similar conditions. O,N
3) Fill in the red box(es) with the missing reactant(s), reagent(s), product(s), solvent, and/or conditions and write a reasonable mechanism for the reaction. Not every box needs to be used and not every box necessarily corresponds to only a single species. If no reaction occurs OR no reagents exist to perform the reaction state, "NOT POSSIBLE" AND explain why. os 1) NaOH 2) H₂O*
The following initial rate data are for the reaction of tertiary butyl bromide with hydroxide ion at 55 oC:(CH3)3CBr + OH- (CH3)3COH + Br- Experiment [(CH3)3CBr]o, M [OH-]o, M Initial Rate, Ms-1 1 0.378 0.324 4.23×10-3 2 0.378 0.648 4.23×10-3 3 0.756 0.324 8.47×10-3 4 0.756 0.648 8.47×10-3 Complete the rate law for this reaction in the box below.Use the form k[A]m[B]n , where '1' is understood for m or n and concentrations taken to the zero power do not appear. Don't enter 1 for m or n Rate = From these data, the rate constant is _______s-1.
Sketch the reaction mechanism (including the final product) corresponding to the following description. Be prepared to explain the mechanism to your partner. 2-bromo-4-methylpentane is being reacted with sodium cyanide in diethyl ether (set up the reaction – next you will get a description of the mechanism to draw). A lone pair of electrons from the cyanide attacks the carbon bonded to bromine, forming a new carbon-carbon bond. At the same time, the carbon-bromine bond breaks with the electron pair from the carbon-bromine bond moving toward the bromine to form a bromide ion. This will form the product 2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile and sodium bromide. is this reaction following an SN1 or SN2 mechanism? Write out the rate law for this reaction.Draw a reaction coordinate diagram for this reaction.
Predict the products for the following reactions by showing complete reaction mechanisms. Also, identify the nucleophilic attack, loss of leaving group, proton transfer, rearrangement in the mechanism steps. Show curved arrows in the reaction mechanisms 1- 2- COCH3 NaBH4/H₂O COCH 3 1. LIAIH4 2. H₂O
2. Provide the mechanism for the reaction illustrated below. Show the relevant intermediate/transition state. Br N2OH
Come up with a detailed mechanism for the following cyclization that also includes all resonance strictures for any intermediates that form. Also, explain why the alkyl bromide portion of the molecule remains intact in the product even though the reaction conditions are strongly basic/nucleophilic. Br Br NaOMe Me Me Me Me MeOH MeO2C 0 °C MeO₂C
The accepted mechanism for a rearrangement reaction is shown below. "Q Ph (1) (ii) Ph Ph HO™ fast Ph Ph HO O™ slow Ph aufae .Ar² LOH HO™ fast Draw a curly arrow mechanism for this transformation. Sketch an energy profile for this reaction, showing approximate relative energies for the reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products. HQ Ph (iii) When DO™ was used as the reagent, the rate of product formation was same as for HO™. Explain why this result shows that the third step is fast and cannot be rate-determining. Ph (iv) Write the predicted rate equation for this mechanism, and show how it was derived. (v) The starting diketone may have two different aryl groups, as shown below. Propose a ¹³℃ labelling experiment that would allow you to distinguish which of the two aryl groups had migrated in this situation. OH AR²0- Ar¹ C C