Using the RSA public key cryptosystem, with a = 1, b = 2, etc., a. If p = 7 and q = 11, list five legal values for d. b. If p = 13, q = 31, and d = 7, find e.
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- Q7: Using the same notations as in the lecture, e.g., p and q are the two primes and e and d are the public key and private key, respectively, p = 5, q = 13 and e= 5. Using the phi(n) that you found in question 6 and the Extended Euclidean algorithm yields d = 29. What is the cipher text C when encrypting M = 17?w = ONote: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. Consider the LFSR represented by the polynomial x* + x + 1. What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent P5 = 0, p4 = 1, p3 = 0, p2 = 1, p1 = 0, po = 1). %3D %3D %3DModify the codes with the same problem. 1.) decrypt code = input("Enter the coded text: ") distance = input("Enter the distance value: ") plainText = '' for ch in code: ordValue = ord(ch) cipherValue = ordValue - distance if cipherValue < ord('a'): cipherValue = ord('z') - (distance) - \ (ordValue - ord('a') - 1) plainText += chr(cipherValue) print(plainText) 2.) Encrypt plainText = input("Enter a one-word, lowercase message: ") distance = int(input("Enter the distance value: ")) code = "" for ch in plainText: ordValue = ord(ch) cipherValue = ordValue + distance if cipherValue > ord('z'): cipherValue = ord('a') + distance - \ (ord('z') - ordValue + 1) code += chr(cipherValue) print(code)
- Problem 1.Write computer programs for the Substitution Cipher based on Z29 which is corresponding to 26 alphabetic characters (0 - 25), space (26), and “, ” (27) “.”(28).The key is a random permutation π on Z29. Write down encryption and decryptionprograms. For the encryption, the plaintext and the key need to be input. To inputthe key, use the permutation of 0, 1, . . . , 28. The plaintext should be input as Englishletters. The out put will be the ciphertext which is also English letters. Select aparagraph of text which contains more than 25 words (I don’t think any two peoplewill choose a same paragraph if they choose independently) and encrypt it using yourencryption algorithm. Then use your decryption program to check the correctness.You can use Java. Record your plaintext, ciphertext and the key π in your answer sheet.The chef is getting bored with the recent lockdowns caused by the coronavirus epidemic. After some time he started learning cryptography. He is very excited to see the different types of keys used in cryptography and decides to invent a new type of key. First, Chef created a sequence of integers A1,A2,......An that lie between 1 and M inclusive. After many sleepless nights, he decided that his key would be the LCM of this sequence, but he is not satisfied - he wants to make his key as big as possible. To do this, he wants to append exactly one more integer to the sequence. This integer must also be between 1 and M, inclusive. Help the chef to maximize the key. Find the integer that Chef should append to the sequence so that the key (LCM of the elements of the resulting sequence) is as large as possible. If there are multiple solutions, choose the smallest of the integers to connect that maximizes the LCM.Input Note: please answer this in java language only. 1 32 212 Output 1Encode the number using the given public key. Encode the number M = 14 using the public key n = 77 and e = 13. Assume you are encoding the number using the RSA cryptosystem. Note: You can use the Modular Exponentiation calculator to help with the calculation. a 46 (mod 77), encoded number = 46 47 (mod 77), encoded number = 47 48 (mod 77), encoded number = 48 d. 49 (mod 77), encoded number = 49
- The encrypted version of a message is "DEZA RWZMLW HLCXTYR." If it was encrypted using the function f(p) : cipher), what was the original message? (p + 11) mod 26 (the CaesarYou may use a software to do calculations but you have to write down the details. The correspondence of letters table: A B C D E F GH I J K L M 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 N O P Q 14 15 16 R S TU V W X Y Z space 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 00 6. Implement the RSA cryptosystem with a sofeware of your choice. (Specifica- tion: Find two probable primes p 3p/2. Submit the primes p and q. I will encode a message with a key e and return the encrypted message and the key e to you. Then you will be asked to decode the message.)In cryptography, a Caesar cipher is a very simple encryption techniques in which each letter in the plain text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A would be replaced by D, B would become E, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it to communicate with his generals. ROT-13 (“rotate by 13 places”) is a widely used example of a Caesar cipher where the shift is 13. In Python, the key for ROT-13 may be represented by means of the following dictionary: key = {‘a’:’n’, ‘b’:’o’, ‘c’:’p’, ‘d’:’q’, ‘e’:’r’, ‘f’:’s’, ‘g’:’t’, ‘h’:’u’,‘i’:’v’, ‘j’:’w’, ‘k’:’x’, ‘l’:’y’, ‘m’:’z’, ‘n’:’a’, ‘o’:’b’, ‘p’:’c’,‘q’:’d’, ‘r’:’e’, ‘s’:’f’, ‘t’:’g’, ‘u’:’h’, ‘v’:’i’, ‘w’:’j’, ‘x’:’k’,‘y’:’l’, ‘z’:’m’, ‘A’:’N’, ‘B’:’O’, ‘C’:’P’, ‘D’:’Q’, ‘E’:’R’, ‘F’:’S’,‘G’:’T’, ‘H’:’U’, ‘I’:’V’, ‘J’:’W’, ‘K’:’X’, ‘L’:’Y’, ‘M’:’Z’, ‘N’:’A’,‘O’:’B’, ‘P’:’C’, ‘Q’:’D’, ‘R’:’E’, ‘S’:’F’, ‘T’:’G’, ‘U’:’H’, ‘V’:’I’,‘W’:’J’, ‘X’:’K’,…
- Example 2 Enter message to be encrypted: Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. Enter step size: -1 ORIGINAL MESSAGE Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. ENCRYPTED MESSAGE Cçxç lim, fdm lim. Enter message to be encrypted: Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. Enter step size: 0 ORIGINAL MESSAGE Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. ENCRYPTED MESSAGE Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. Enter message to be encrypted: QUIT Example 3 Enter message to be encrypted: Perfer et obdura, dolor hic tib: proderit olim. Enter step size: 8 ORIGINAL MESSAGE Perfer et obdura, dolor hic tibi proderit olim. ENCRYPTED MESSAGE Xmznmz m| wjl)zi, lwtwz pąk |qją xzwlmzą| wtqu. Enter message to be encrypted: QUIT1. Which of the following statements are incorrect? A. Cryptographic systems tend to involve both an algorithm and a secret value. B. To secure systems, it is more efficient to update algorithms than updating keys. C. Often a scheme can be made more secure by making the key longer. D. We can always change the key length to better secure systems, no matter using which cryptographic algorithms. E. In a secret-key cryptosystem, secret keys can be used for both encryption and decryption. 2. Which of the following statements are incorrect about a cryptographical hash function? A. The input size can be arbitrary and the output size is fixed B. Given the input, the output should be efficiently derived. C. Given the output, the input can be also derived efficiently D. In the cryptocurrency systems, it has properties collision-resistant, hiding, and puzzle friendly.In cryptography, a Caesar cipher is a very simple encryption techniques in which each letter in the plain text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A would be replaced by D, B would become E, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it to communicate with his generals. ROT-13 (“rotate by 13 places”) is a widely used example of a Caesar cipher where the shift is 13. In Python, the key for ROT-13 may be represented by means of the following dictionary: key = {‘a’:’n’, ‘b’:’o’, ‘c’:’p’, ‘d’:’q’, ‘e’:’r’, ‘f’:’s’, ‘g’:’t’, ‘h’:’u’,‘i’:’v’, ‘j’:’w’, ‘k’:’x’, ‘l’:’y’, ‘m’:’z’, ‘n’:’a’, ‘o’:’b’, ‘p’:’c’,‘q’:’d’, ‘r’:’e’, ‘s’:’f’, ‘t’:’g’, ‘u’:’h’, ‘v’:’i’, ‘w’:’j’, ‘x’:’k’,‘y’:’l’, ‘z’:’m’, ‘A’:’N’, ‘B’:’O’, ‘C’:’P’, ‘D’:’Q’, ‘E’:’R’, ‘F’:’S’,‘G’:’T’, ‘H’:’U’, ‘I’:’V’, ‘J’:’W’, ‘K’:’X’, ‘L’:’Y’, ‘M’:’Z’, ‘N’:’A’,‘O’:’B’, ‘P’:’C’, ‘Q’:’D’, ‘R’:’E’, ‘S’:’F’, ‘T’:’G’, ‘U’:’H’, ‘V’:’I’,‘W’:’J’, ‘X’:’K’,…