A researcher wanted to know what factors determine a state public employee’s annual salary; especially, whether there was a gender pay gap in the state government. The data file “State Employee Salaries.xslx” includes data on state employees’ annual salaries, gender (coded 0 if male; coded 1 if female), years of service, and years of educationUse the regression coefficient of Gender (b1) to explain the gender pay gap in the state government. The regression coefficient of Gender (b1) are different in the estimated simple regression equation and estimated multiple regression equation. Explain why. SalaryGenderYears Of ServiceYears Of Education52,100051355,0150201355,5200231243,430071243,813051251,903061254,5800241454,9130181252,1000291250,6930141247,8780101246,555061447,878071647,878091254,9130161350,123041350,6930201248,9330291258,2700121250,538051348,9330121245,078051247,878051453,5080241242,250011653,508181542,250131547,808111350,1801111344,163191041,718131047,878181237,635111649,285171250,6931141243,655031243,910191343,9101111268,3030191485,128031253,488031266,4300221259,7080101271,5550151253,5650141673,4900151269,0450131663,0250131256,7150121366,7280161259,3480291268,0680141469,5400201247,268021270,2530191264,3900131267,2350111374,1550291364,1800231265,5680141250,4150121365,113071261,463011259,8650221254,158091264,3650161272,2050221264,4000141276,9480291261,4400211253,488021371,0300151276,4900181256,215021359,7080101274,1550321270,1950101557,918031277,8150161260,498041280,1250201274,9750261272,3380151263,9100191356,818071262,450041368,3030231277,8150261256,7150131256,618031261,463051655,1400151268,6100191263,218091283,0400351263,6350171259,708071252,335051253,265071269,058051367,4600321256,6500161661,4400281258,2900241272,2050181364,825091359,5630141669,513071278,0030201261,463091252,335071459,8650191358,2900191264,400081259,5980121253,565071268,3030111275,4150161262,3900101251,990071356,7150121664,9730241372,2050311261,4630131282,1400231261,4630151451,125081264,400061664,400061460,498021468,3030151256,118091253,9980111266,3530131470,2530221361,4400181265,423061461,4630171270,2530201258,548041664,7280221253,5650101269,0350261458,2900171251,990081253,565091451,125051263,2180161467,003081260,1530141271,328081255,1400141072,2050261355,1400151251,990091257,953071259,853061357,953051364,9730281250,415031282,1400181356,7150151256,7150141269,835091255,348071261,4400231457,953081382,3080201268,4830221262,3150141247,630041271,0300141273,8701211462,6531121251,990191362,8581131256,1181101256,198171388,3181231351,990161271,933171265,113171683,288191273,6001241258,290111267,085131665,708131674,1551181269,0581111271,3281181248,933191261,4401341060,368191258,385191265,213161270,3831211558,548151670,820151257,953191282,1401101262,7801261372,205151375,653161664,9731221482,1401341247,268111372,2051271548,843171253,565191355,1401131377,580141261,0651191251,990131456,198151579,2551101261,4401131288,3251191851,168191255,1401101351,9901101471,3281111471,3281101366,3531121451,990151277,155191684,303131645,850171352,688131248,843131253,565181284,3031201656,818151264,180061358,2900161261,4400381050,415061361,4630181551,9900101347,268121558,548131268,148071464,8400111475,7180221257,953051456,198081256,543041257,035051269,5130161282,140081647,268011655,015111455,1401191258,548171274,1551271682,140131463,2181151271,018151279,9781281478,155031686,655021897,523091486,6550516112,6600316112,005081690,7830616107,3200121889,5450101679,383061698,21301613121,1650191283,55302114103,99002514112,4300191288,13502212119,68301216126,9350201885,0680512103,99001716123,36302612128,5480131486,88802212105,008051677,2380912115,50501116133,00302216112,0050418115,50501112136,5030281290,535021682,06302312119,00501312115,505091672,4100118112,65802214115,505061693,4550151278,7800101674,005031696,37803414119,6830918119,6830221296,3780181292,43301712115,5050221698,39302013103,9900181374,00502012125,55801616121,16503912103,99001718122,07001914108,505041898,21302612114,24301216103,9900171595,32302716118,0430316104,99801712114,2430201287,6130516110,78002914121,1650101876,3930312114,2430211283,363031690,0580251287,6130312108,505071676,418061299,8780516109,2800271385,93801016129,5030161888,32502914107,32001512117,70301213103,9900281386,6550211671,6200216115,16302114101,91501514114,24301418112,083051499,86302313108,0600241695,3230151295,32301616100,8730414106,478051672,03501518101,1000281686,655031685,9380201483,5530211483,55302312128,5480171374,103071298,21302912119,0050615108,9430416118,0230351485,9380151683,7550818135,01001514119,85801416122,4800211283,5530241285,93801912124,6250101895,3230111677,2380812117,70302112120,890091692,43302012102,5300281489,3880201298,07002713102,19801016122,86802814105,4530181488,32502612112,6580161895,5530716138,12512316128,08813816124,62511618115,2581191694,5681514117,5331916122,50511816112,6581311876,3931101897,53311915103,8581416117,703171696,8351416131,54811816120,760161590,3081216129,50312816

Question

A researcher wanted to know what factors determine a state public employee’s annual salary; especially, whether there was a gender pay gap in the state government. The data file “State Employee Salaries.xslx” includes data on state employees’ annual salaries, gender (coded 0 if male; coded 1 if female), years of service, and years of educationUse the regression coefficient of Gender (b1) to explain the gender pay gap in the state government.  The regression coefficient of Gender (b1) are different in the estimated simple regression equation and estimated multiple regression equation. Explain why. SalaryGenderYears Of ServiceYears Of Education52,100051355,0150201355,5200231243,430071243,813051251,903061254,5800241454,9130181252,1000291250,6930141247,8780101246,555061447,878071647,878091254,9130161350,123041350,6930201248,9330291258,2700121250,538051348,9330121245,078051247,878051453,5080241242,250011653,508181542,250131547,808111350,1801111344,163191041,718131047,878181237,635111649,285171250,6931141243,655031243,910191343,9101111268,3030191485,128031253,488031266,4300221259,7080101271,5550151253,5650141673,4900151269,0450131663,0250131256,7150121366,7280161259,3480291268,0680141469,5400201247,268021270,2530191264,3900131267,2350111374,1550291364,1800231265,5680141250,4150121365,113071261,463011259,8650221254,158091264,3650161272,2050221264,4000141276,9480291261,4400211253,488021371,0300151276,4900181256,215021359,7080101274,1550321270,1950101557,918031277,8150161260,498041280,1250201274,9750261272,3380151263,9100191356,818071262,450041368,3030231277,8150261256,7150131256,618031261,463051655,1400151268,6100191263,218091283,0400351263,6350171259,708071252,335051253,265071269,058051367,4600321256,6500161661,4400281258,2900241272,2050181364,825091359,5630141669,513071278,0030201261,463091252,335071459,8650191358,2900191264,400081259,5980121253,565071268,3030111275,4150161262,3900101251,990071356,7150121664,9730241372,2050311261,4630131282,1400231261,4630151451,125081264,400061664,400061460,498021468,3030151256,118091253,9980111266,3530131470,2530221361,4400181265,423061461,4630171270,2530201258,548041664,7280221253,5650101269,0350261458,2900171251,990081253,565091451,125051263,2180161467,003081260,1530141271,328081255,1400141072,2050261355,1400151251,990091257,953071259,853061357,953051364,9730281250,415031282,1400181356,7150151256,7150141269,835091255,348071261,4400231457,953081382,3080201268,4830221262,3150141247,630041271,0300141273,8701211462,6531121251,990191362,8581131256,1181101256,198171388,3181231351,990161271,933171265,113171683,288191273,6001241258,290111267,085131665,708131674,1551181269,0581111271,3281181248,933191261,4401341060,368191258,385191265,213161270,3831211558,548151670,820151257,953191282,1401101262,7801261372,205151375,653161664,9731221482,1401341247,268111372,2051271548,843171253,565191355,1401131377,580141261,0651191251,990131456,198151579,2551101261,4401131288,3251191851,168191255,1401101351,9901101471,3281111471,3281101366,3531121451,990151277,155191684,303131645,850171352,688131248,843131253,565181284,3031201656,818151264,180061358,2900161261,4400381050,415061361,4630181551,9900101347,268121558,548131268,148071464,8400111475,7180221257,953051456,198081256,543041257,035051269,5130161282,140081647,268011655,015111455,1401191258,548171274,1551271682,140131463,2181151271,018151279,9781281478,155031686,655021897,523091486,6550516112,6600316112,005081690,7830616107,3200121889,5450101679,383061698,21301613121,1650191283,55302114103,99002514112,4300191288,13502212119,68301216126,9350201885,0680512103,99001716123,36302612128,5480131486,88802212105,008051677,2380912115,50501116133,00302216112,0050418115,50501112136,5030281290,535021682,06302312119,00501312115,505091672,4100118112,65802214115,505061693,4550151278,7800101674,005031696,37803414119,6830918119,6830221296,3780181292,43301712115,5050221698,39302013103,9900181374,00502012125,55801616121,16503912103,99001718122,07001914108,505041898,21302612114,24301216103,9900171595,32302716118,0430316104,99801712114,2430201287,6130516110,78002914121,1650101876,3930312114,2430211283,363031690,0580251287,6130312108,505071676,418061299,8780516109,2800271385,93801016129,5030161888,32502914107,32001512117,70301213103,9900281386,6550211671,6200216115,16302114101,91501514114,24301418112,083051499,86302313108,0600241695,3230151295,32301616100,8730414106,478051672,03501518101,1000281686,655031685,9380201483,5530211483,55302312128,5480171374,103071298,21302912119,0050615108,9430416118,0230351485,9380151683,7550818135,01001514119,85801416122,4800211283,5530241285,93801912124,6250101895,3230111677,2380812117,70302112120,890091692,43302012102,5300281489,3880201298,07002713102,19801016122,86802814105,4530181488,32502612112,6580161895,5530716138,12512316128,08813816124,62511618115,2581191694,5681514117,5331916122,50511816112,6581311876,3931101897,53311915103,8581416117,703171696,8351416131,54811816120,760161590,3081216129,50312816

Accepted Answer

1. Use the data to predict the employee's annual salary based on the variable Gender. To perform the…

Salary	Gender	Years Of Service	Years Of Education
52,100	0	5	13
55,015	0	20	13
55,520	0	23	12
43,430	0	7	12
43,813	0	5	12
51,903	0	6	12
54,580	0	24	14
54,913	0	18	12
52,100	0	29	12
50,693	0	14	12
47,878	0	10	12
46,555	0	6	14
47,878	0	7	16
47,878	0	9	12
54,913	0	16	13
50,123	0	4	13
50,693	0	20	12
48,933	0	29	12
58,270	0	12	12
50,538	0	5	13
48,933	0	12	12
45,078	0	5	12
47,878	0	5	14
53,508	0	24	12
42,250	0	1	16
53,508	1	8	15
42,250	1	3	15
47,808	1	1	13
50,180	1	11	13
44,163	1	9	10
41,718	1	3	10
47,878	1	8	12
37,635	1	1	16
49,285	1	7	12
50,693	1	14	12
43,655	0	3	12
43,910	1	9	13
43,910	1	11	12
68,303	0	19	14
85,128	0	3	12
53,488	0	3	12
66,430	0	22	12
59,708	0	10	12
71,555	0	15	12
53,565	0	14	16
73,490	0	15	12
69,045	0	13	16
63,025	0	13	12
56,715	0	12	13
66,728	0	16	12
59,348	0	29	12
68,068	0	14	14
69,540	0	20	12
47,268	0	2	12
70,253	0	19	12
64,390	0	13	12
67,235	0	11	13
74,155	0	29	13
64,180	0	23	12
65,568	0	14	12
50,415	0	12	13
65,113	0	7	12
61,463	0	1	12
59,865	0	22	12
54,158	0	9	12
64,365	0	16	12
72,205	0	22	12
64,400	0	14	12
76,948	0	29	12
61,440	0	21	12
53,488	0	2	13
71,030	0	15	12
76,490	0	18	12
56,215	0	2	13
59,708	0	10	12
74,155	0	32	12
70,195	0	10	15
57,918	0	3	12
77,815	0	16	12
60,498	0	4	12
80,125	0	20	12
74,975	0	26	12
72,338	0	15	12
63,910	0	19	13
56,818	0	7	12
62,450	0	4	13
68,303	0	23	12
77,815	0	26	12
56,715	0	13	12
56,618	0	3	12
61,463	0	5	16
55,140	0	15	12
68,610	0	19	12
63,218	0	9	12
83,040	0	35	12
63,635	0	17	12
59,708	0	7	12
52,335	0	5	12
53,265	0	7	12
69,058	0	5	13
67,460	0	32	12
56,650	0	16	16
61,440	0	28	12
58,290	0	24	12
72,205	0	18	13
64,825	0	9	13
59,563	0	14	16
69,513	0	7	12
78,003	0	20	12
61,463	0	9	12
52,335	0	7	14
59,865	0	19	13
58,290	0	19	12
64,400	0	8	12
59,598	0	12	12
53,565	0	7	12
68,303	0	11	12
75,415	0	16	12
62,390	0	10	12
51,990	0	7	13
56,715	0	12	16
64,973	0	24	13
72,205	0	31	12
61,463	0	13	12
82,140	0	23	12
61,463	0	15	14
51,125	0	8	12
64,400	0	6	16
64,400	0	6	14
60,498	0	2	14
68,303	0	15	12
56,118	0	9	12
53,998	0	11	12
66,353	0	13	14
70,253	0	22	13
61,440	0	18	12
65,423	0	6	14
61,463	0	17	12
70,253	0	20	12
58,548	0	4	16
64,728	0	22	12
53,565	0	10	12
69,035	0	26	14
58,290	0	17	12
51,990	0	8	12
53,565	0	9	14
51,125	0	5	12
63,218	0	16	14
67,003	0	8	12
60,153	0	14	12
71,328	0	8	12
55,140	0	14	10
72,205	0	26	13
55,140	0	15	12
51,990	0	9	12
57,953	0	7	12
59,853	0	6	13
57,953	0	5	13
64,973	0	28	12
50,415	0	3	12
82,140	0	18	13
56,715	0	15	12
56,715	0	14	12
69,835	0	9	12
55,348	0	7	12
61,440	0	23	14
57,953	0	8	13
82,308	0	20	12
68,483	0	22	12
62,315	0	14	12
47,630	0	4	12
71,030	0	14	12
73,870	1	21	14
62,653	1	12	12
51,990	1	9	13
62,858	1	13	12
56,118	1	10	12
56,198	1	7	13
88,318	1	23	13
51,990	1	6	12
71,933	1	7	12
65,113	1	7	16
83,288	1	9	12
73,600	1	24	12
58,290	1	1	12
67,085	1	3	16
65,708	1	3	16
74,155	1	18	12
69,058	1	11	12
71,328	1	18	12
48,933	1	9	12
61,440	1	34	10
60,368	1	9	12
58,385	1	9	12
65,213	1	6	12
70,383	1	21	15
58,548	1	5	16
70,820	1	5	12
57,953	1	9	12
82,140	1	10	12
62,780	1	26	13
72,205	1	5	13
75,653	1	6	16
64,973	1	22	14
82,140	1	34	12
47,268	1	1	13
72,205	1	27	15
48,843	1	7	12
53,565	1	9	13
55,140	1	13	13
77,580	1	4	12
61,065	1	19	12
51,990	1	3	14
56,198	1	5	15
79,255	1	10	12
61,440	1	13	12
88,325	1	19	18
51,168	1	9	12
55,140	1	10	13
51,990	1	10	14
71,328	1	11	14
71,328	1	10	13
66,353	1	12	14
51,990	1	5	12
77,155	1	9	16
84,303	1	3	16
45,850	1	7	13
52,688	1	3	12
48,843	1	3	12
53,565	1	8	12
84,303	1	20	16
56,818	1	5	12
64,180	0	6	13
58,290	0	16	12
61,440	0	38	10
50,415	0	6	13
61,463	0	18	15
51,990	0	10	13
47,268	1	2	15
58,548	1	3	12
68,148	0	7	14
64,840	0	11	14
75,718	0	22	12
57,953	0	5	14
56,198	0	8	12
56,543	0	4	12
57,035	0	5	12
69,513	0	16	12
82,140	0	8	16
47,268	0	1	16
55,015	1	1	14
55,140	1	19	12
58,548	1	7	12
74,155	1	27	16
82,140	1	3	14
63,218	1	15	12
71,018	1	5	12
79,978	1	28	14
78,155	0	3	16
86,655	0	2	18
97,523	0	9	14
86,655	0	5	16
112,660	0	3	16
112,005	0	8	16
90,783	0	6	16
107,320	0	12	18
89,545	0	10	16
79,383	0	6	16
98,213	0	16	13
121,165	0	19	12
83,553	0	21	14
103,990	0	25	14
112,430	0	19	12
88,135	0	22	12
119,683	0	12	16
126,935	0	20	18
85,068	0	5	12
103,990	0	17	16
123,363	0	26	12
128,548	0	13	14
86,888	0	22	12
105,008	0	5	16
77,238	0	9	12
115,505	0	11	16
133,003	0	22	16
112,005	0	4	18
115,505	0	11	12
136,503	0	28	12
90,535	0	2	16
82,063	0	23	12
119,005	0	13	12
115,505	0	9	16
72,410	0	1	18
112,658	0	22	14
115,505	0	6	16
93,455	0	15	12
78,780	0	10	16
74,005	0	3	16
96,378	0	34	14
119,683	0	9	18
119,683	0	22	12
96,378	0	18	12
92,433	0	17	12
115,505	0	22	16
98,393	0	20	13
103,990	0	18	13
74,005	0	20	12
125,558	0	16	16
121,165	0	39	12
103,990	0	17	18
122,070	0	19	14
108,505	0	4	18
98,213	0	26	12
114,243	0	12	16
103,990	0	17	15
95,323	0	27	16
118,043	0	3	16
104,998	0	17	12
114,243	0	20	12
87,613	0	5	16
110,780	0	29	14
121,165	0	10	18
76,393	0	3	12
114,243	0	21	12
83,363	0	3	16
90,058	0	25	12
87,613	0	3	12
108,505	0	7	16
76,418	0	6	12
99,878	0	5	16
109,280	0	27	13
85,938	0	10	16
129,503	0	16	18
88,325	0	29	14
107,320	0	15	12
117,703	0	12	13
103,990	0	28	13
86,655	0	21	16
71,620	0	2	16
115,163	0	21	14
101,915	0	15	14
114,243	0	14	18
112,083	0	5	14
99,863	0	23	13
108,060	0	24	16
95,323	0	15	12
95,323	0	16	16
100,873	0	4	14
106,478	0	5	16
72,035	0	15	18
101,100	0	28	16
86,655	0	3	16
85,938	0	20	14
83,553	0	21	14
83,553	0	23	12
128,548	0	17	13
74,103	0	7	12
98,213	0	29	12
119,005	0	6	15
108,943	0	4	16
118,023	0	35	14
85,938	0	15	16
83,755	0	8	18
135,010	0	15	14
119,858	0	14	16
122,480	0	21	12
83,553	0	24	12
85,938	0	19	12
124,625	0	10	18
95,323	0	11	16
77,238	0	8	12
117,703	0	21	12
120,890	0	9	16
92,433	0	20	12
102,530	0	28	14
89,388	0	20	12
98,070	0	27	13
102,198	0	10	16
122,868	0	28	14
105,453	0	18	14
88,325	0	26	12
112,658	0	16	18
95,553	0	7	16
138,125	1	23	16
128,088	1	38	16
124,625	1	16	18
115,258	1	19	16
94,568	1	5	14
117,533	1	9	16
122,505	1	18	16
112,658	1	31	18
76,393	1	10	18
97,533	1	19	15
103,858	1	4	16
117,703	1	7	16
96,835	1	4	16
131,548	1	18	16
120,760	1	6	15
90,308	1	2	16
129,503	1	28	16