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- Aldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water. We study this reaction in Chapter 16. Draw structural formulas for the hemiacetal and acetal formed from these reagents. The stoichiometry of each reaction is given in the problem.A problem often encountered in the oxidation of primary alcohols to acids is that esters are sometimes produced as by-products. For example, oxidation of ethanol yields acetic acid and ethyl acetate: Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of ethyl acetate. Take into account the reversible reaction between aldehydes and alcohols:Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:
- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)⟶H+CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.40 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield, The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.45g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…
- 4-chloro-3,4-dimethylnonan-1-amine On a page titled Incorrect Separation Scheme print the incorrect separation schemeprovided for your molecule on Blackboard. The top of the separation scheme shows whatother compound is mixed with your molecule. Assume for the purposes of this assignmentthat both compounds are solid at room temperature. Also assume that both compounds aresoluble in ether, except ionic compounds. The goal of the separation is the isolate each ofthe two compounds from the mixture.o Below the incorrect separation scheme write a discussion of this incorrect schemeidentifying all of the mistakes in the separation scheme. Keep in mind that therewill be more than one mistake in the scheme.o For each mistake, give a detailed, scientific explanation of why it is incorrect.When a compound like napihthalene C1oHa is dissolved in t-butyl methyl ether, then that solution is extracted with 3 M NaOH, and then the resulting basic aqueous layer is acidified with 6M HCI, what happens to the acidified aqueous layer? a) The naphthalene stays in the the aqueous layer as C10Ha O b) The naphthalene precipitates out as a solid, C10He O C) Nothing happens to the aqueous layer other than a dramatic raising of the pH d) The naphthalene stays in the aqueous layer as C10H>Na O e) Nothing happens to the aqueous layer other than a dramatic lowering of the pH O) The acid precipitates out as a solid, C10H>NaA mixture of the compounds shown below is dissolved in cyclohexane. An aqueous solution of NaOH is added to the solution, and two layers are formed. Which compound(s) is(are) found in the aqueous layer? он HO Benzoic acid Beta-naphthol Naphthalene O Benzoic acid only O Beta-naphthol only O Naphthalene O Both Benzoic acid and beta-naphthol O Both beta-naphthol and naphthalene
- Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Fisher esterification: Acid-catalyzed ester formation from carboxylic acid and alcohol OH H₂SO4 OH - Carboxylic acid: conversion to acyl halides: SOCI₂ RCO₂H + SOCI₂ (w/ pyridine) → RCOCI SOCI₂ CH3OH CH3COH Reactions of Amide NH₂ 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂OEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l). The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.50 gof butanoic acid and excess ethanol? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.why do tertiary alcohols ionize readily in acidic media