The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are clearly seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is O 1) prodromal 2) invasion 3) incubation 4) convalescence
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- Pathogenic infections induce damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms. While many mechanisms are direct effects of the pathogen, some damaging mechanisms result from the immune response to the infection. Examples of damage caused by the host immune response are: a) Exotoxin production, endotoxin b) Cell-mediated inmunity, direct cytopathic effect c) Endotoxin, inmmunune complexes d) Direct cythopathic effect, endotoxin e) Cell-mediated inmunity, inmmunune complexesNormal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT: Question 3 options: A) they produce antibacterial chemicals. B) they compete with pathogens for nutrients. C) they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. D) they produce lysozyme.A disease ____ is a source of the pathogen in the environment a) interferon b) pandemic c) epidemic d) reservoir Please I need a surely answer and a quicker response
- Infections in the blood and circulatory system tend to be more dangerous because they are not localized to one specific area. a) True b) FalseA.) What four factors must be present for an infection to spread? susceptible B.) What is the source of infection? C.) What are the main routes of transmission?Which is mismatched? 1) Secondary infection - infection acquired subsequent to a current infection O 2) Localized infection infection stays at or near the entry site O 3) Mixed infection - several agents established at infection site Focal infection - infection moving throughout the body, such as through the 4) bloodstream
- Which of the following virulence factors among A-D is correctly matched with its definition or characterization? A) O Invasins: pathogen proteins that prevent opsonization of the pathogen B) O Phase variation: allows pathogen to switch between different forms of an extracellular antigen (e.g., flagellum) C) O Protein A. a microbial factor that allows for attachment, typically a surface protein or surface glycoprotein D) O Prevention of lysosome:phagosome fusion mechanism employed by an extracellular pathogen E) OM protein, Opa protein: enzymes that interfere with the functioning of antibodiesWhich type of infection is the MOST easily spread to the largest number of people? Question 3 options: a) gastrointestinal b) vector-borne c) respiratory d) sexually transmittedWhich of the following is not a good portal for entry for a pathogen? A) Nasal cavity B) Skin C) Urinary tract D) Mucous membranes E) Muscle
- Which of these statements concerning cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is true?a) It is caused by a yeast with a large capsule.b) It is a disease of trees transmissible to humans.c) It typically attacks the meninges but spares the brain.d) Person-to-person transmission commonly occurs.e) It is seen only in persons who are immunocompromised.Hepatitis virus destroys the cells and may cause the disease: A) Jaundice B) Malaria C) Typhoid D) Elephantiasiswhich of these statements is false? a) a longer incubation period makes a disease more likely to spread far b) the young and old are more susceptible to many diseases c) malnourishment increases the risk of catching most diseases d) being exposed to a small number of pathogens is unlikely to cause disease