The profile at a site consists of 5m of sand overlying 10m of compressible clay, which in turn overlies a dense sand. The water table is at the top of the profile. The total unit weight of the top sand is 19kN/m3 and that of the clay is 18kN/m3. The Cv of the clay is estimated to be 5x 10-3 cm2/sec. Initially the clay is normally consolidated. It is planned to place a temporary fill that will exert a vertical load of 200kPa over the entire site. How long must the fill be in place so that, after it is removed, the maximum past pressure at every point in the clay is at least 50kPa larger than the vertical effective stress that existed before the fill was placed?

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.