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- Create a program in C++ which simulates a direct cache. The memory array that contains the data to becached is byte addressable and can contain 256 single byte entries or lines. The cache has only 8 entriesor lines. The Data field in each line of the cache is 8 bits. Since the data stored in each line of the cache isonly 8 bits, there is no need for a line field. Only a tag field is needed which is log2(256) = 8 bits.The memory array can be filled with any values of your choice. The program should work by taking userinput of a memory address (index). This input represents the memory data that should be cached.Check the cache to see if the item is already cached. If it is not, your program should counta cache miss, and then replace the item currently in the cache with the data from the inputted address.Allow the user to input addresses (in a loop), until they so choose to end the program. The program should output the number of cache misses upon ending.ASAPOperating sys :In the following producer and consumer problem using semaphores, explain with an example (semaphore values), how a producer sends a signal to a consumer, so that the consumer does not have to check the buffer all the time. /*program, Producer/Consumer */ semaphore n = 0; /* no of items in the buffer */ semaphore s = 1; /* ME semaphore */ void Producer () { while(TRUE) { produce(); wait(s); append(); signal(s); signal(n); } } void Consumer () { while(TRUE) { wait(n); wait(s); take(); signal(s); consume(); } }
- Program binaries in many systems are typically structured as follows. Code is stored starting with a small fixed virtual address such as 0. The code segment is followed by the data segment that is used for storing the program variables. When the program starts executing, the stack is allocated at the other end of the virtual address space and is allowed to grow towards lower virtual addresses. What is the significance of the above structure on the following schemes: a. contiguous-memory allocation b. pure segmentation c. pure pagingCode a descriptor that describes a data memory segment that grows upward and begins at location 03000000H and ends at location 05FFFFFFH and can be written. The memory has not been accessed, and can be accessed with the lowest privilege level. Assume that the segment is available (i.e., AV=1) and that the instructions are 32 bits (i.e., D=1).It is known that when an information system processes data, a Linked Stack is used, and the name of the indicator pointing to the top of the stack is Top. When the input data enters the system, it needs to be stored in the stack first, and then the information system will extract the data from the stack to perform operations as required. it is known that the sequence of a set of integer data entering the aforementioned information system is as follows; 27, 98, 24, 9, 83 In the initial stage of the aforementioned information system, the Stack is in an empty state, and in the process of entering the above-mentioned integer data string into the information system, the operation sequence of the Stack is as follows; Push, Push, Pop, Push, Push, Push, Pop Please diagrammatically depict the Linked Stack of the information system at each stage of operation
- aton 24 Following is a mapping of Logical Memory to Physical Memory using a Page Table. You are required to fill the Page Table: yet vered Physienl Memery ced out of Logical Mumery Рage 0 Page 1 1 Page 5 2 Page 2 3 Page 4 ag question Рage 2 Page 3 Page 4 5 Page 0 6. 7 Page 1 8 Page 3 Page 5 Page TableDesign a memory map to work with 8085 Microprocessor to have 8K byte ROM and 2K byte RAM. ROM should start from memory location 0000H and RAM immediately follows it. Use exhaustive decoding scheme?62. For the base and offset addresses in problem 61, how many words of data are cur- rently held in the stack?
- Find the PA of the memory location and its contents after the execution of thefollowing assuming that DS=1512h. MOV AL, 99h MOV [3518], ALDevelop a C/C++ program that accepts the name of a memory trace file as a command line argument. Use the data to simulate a set associative cache using LRU replacement. Additional command line arguments will be needed to identify the details of the simulated cache. The arguments should appear in the following order: the memory trace input file X, where 2X == the number of direct-mapped sets Y, where 2Y == the number of blocks per set Z, where 2Z == the number of cached words per block Your program (say it's a compiled C program) could be run like this: ./cache data.tra 3 2 4 This would simulate an 8 set associative LRU cache with 4 blocks per set, where each block caches 16 addresses. NOTE… the reason I've chosen to use exponents for arguments is to ensure we have powers of 2 for everything. Trace File The trace file is line based with each line containing a memory address requested, in hex. Please note this data is real, so the addresses are larger than 32-bits. In…StackGuard is a tool for detecting buffer overflows. It modifies the compiler to place a known(pseudo)random number (a canary) on the stack just before the return address when a function is called. Additional code is added so that, just before the function returns, it pops the canary and compares it to the value thatwas placed upon the stack. If the two differ, StackGuard asserts a buffer overflow has occurred, and invokes anerror handler to terminate the program. How effective is this approach at stopping stack-based buffer overflows?Under what conditions might it fail?