The obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens dies when exposed to air. What would predict as the result if you performed a catalase test on this bacterial species? Explain why.
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1. . The obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens dies when exposed to air. What would predict as the result if you performed a catalase test on this bacterial species? Explain why.
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- 1. Clostridium butyricum does not appear to have superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes. How would the growth of C. butyricum in oxic conditions compare to its growth in anoxic conditions? On this basis, what is the aerotolerance category of C. butyricum? 2. Citrobacter freundii is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium. Why would you expect this bacterium to grow better (i.e. form larger colonies) in an oxic environment than in an anoxic one? (as a hint, do some research on the “Pasteur effect”)a. What oxygen requirements do your think this bacterium will have (obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe, or microaerophile), and why? b. You run a thioglycollate test of your isolated bacterium. Based on your response to Part A, which thioglycollate tube best represents the result you would expect for your bacterium? Explain your response. If the result you would expect is not represented, explain what the tube should look like. c. What would you expect to be the result of a catalase test of your bacterium? d. What techniques or specialized equipment, if any, would you need to grow cultures of this bacterium?Sweet sorghum juice is used as sole carbon source for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The overall in situ sterilisation duration is 40 minutes at 120 0C for a pilot reactor (50 L) which is filled with 60% of working volume. The non-sterile medium consists of 3.28 x 106 contaminants L-1. During the autoclaving process, you have noticed that the time taken for heating and cooling are 18 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively. As a process engineer, explain if you agree with this sterilisation practice by using quantitative analysis.
- a.Describe what makes thioglycollate medium suitable for culturing anaerobes. What would the growth patterns of Clostridium sporogenes and Micrococcus luteus be in this medium? b. In the Kligler test, why do we inoculate the surface of the agar slope and then stab into the butt of the slope? What does a pink coloured colony indicate when using MAC (MacConkey Agar)?The Kirby-Bauer test examines the effectiveness of antibiotics and disinfectants or antiseptics on separately plated bacteria. Which of the following Zones of Inhibition (ZOI) measurements on a plate of Klebsiella pneumoniae shows the strongest inhibition of the bacterium's growth? a) Penicillin, 7 mm ZOI b) Actinomycin, 9 mm ZOI c) Tetracycline, 26 mm ZOI d) Chloramphenicol 2 mm ZOI e) Streptomycin, 23 mm ZOI). Consider a culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus colonies can grow due to an elevated NaCl level. A yellow halo surrounds the growth, indicating the bacterium fermented sugar in the medium, decreasing the pH as a result and changing the color of a pH indicator chemical. This type of medium would be referred to as a(n): A) Selective medium. B) Differential medium. C) Enrichment culture. D) Selective and differential medium. E) Differential and enrichment culture.
- 1. What results are expected if you drop H2O2 into a cut on your arm? Explain why those results are expected. 2. To do this test, why do you have to grow the organism in medium containing tryptophan? 3. Why is a red color after the addition of zinc a negative result for nitrate reductase?1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results.1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results. 3. Please provide the scientific name of your microbe that was used in the UV experiment (i.e. S. aureus). Compare your plates and interpret/analyze your results. Please discuss your findings and any patterns you were able to gather. 4. After performing the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab which agent(s) showed potential to control S. marcescens growth? P. aeruginosa? Please explain why you believe these agent(s) work. 5. What purpose does water serve in the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab? What did you…
- 1. The differential aspect of MacConkey agar allows for the determination of which bacteria are lactose fermenters and which are not. 2. Blood agar is used to determine an organism's ability for hemolysis. Blood agar is differential in this regard. 3. EMB agar uses two dyes, eosin and methylene blue, to restrict the growth of gram-positive organisms, making this agar (EMB) in this regard. 4. Crystal violet dye in MacConkey agar will prevent some organisms from growing, making MacConkey agar in this regard. The crystal violet dye can also be used in the determination of the ability to ferment the carbohydrate in the agar; making MacConkey agar in this regard. 5. Use of an agar which contains an elevated amount of salt would allow some organisms to grow while preventing the growth of other organisms. This media would be considered selectiveA pure culture of an unknown bacterium was streaked onto plates of a variety of media. You notice that the colony morphology is strikingly different on plates of minimal media with glucose compared to that seen on trypticase soy agar plates. How can you explain these differences in colony morphology?1) Listen In the lab you are testing a bacterium's oxygen requirement for growth. You grow your bacterium in a test tube, without shaking at the appropriate temperature. The next day you find that your bacterial culture is growing only at the top surface (ie at the top of the tube closest to the cap) and not dispersed throughout the test tube. What term would be used to describe the oxygen requirement of this bacterium? O A) Obligate aerobe. O B) Microaerophile. O C) Anaerobe. D) Obligate anaerobe. E) Facultative anaerobe.