The normal function of the Rb protein is toa. act as a brake on cell division.b. produce retinoblastoma.c. facilitate retinal pigmentation.d. initiate DNA replication.

Q: Explain the mechanism of Warburg effect and how it benefits cancer cells?

A: Warburg effect is a characteristic behavior shown by cancer cells in which their glucose uptake is…

Q: A set of HeLa cells is being considered for an experiment. When these cells are analyzed using a…

A: HeLa cells refer to a line of cells belonging to a strain that has been continuously cultured since…

Q: Which of the following would improve an individual's ability to avoid cancer while aging?

A: Under normal conditions, cells undergo regulated cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis…

Q: A mutated gene that codes for an altered version of Cdk that is active in the absence of cyclin is…

A: Cyclins drive the occasions of the phone cycle by collaborating with a group of chemicals called the…

Q: ___________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a.…

A: Nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are long chains of nucleotides.…

Q: These genes are involved in normal cell growth and division, but if mutated, could become more…

A: Oncogenes are tumour-causing genes. They are mutated and abnormal that leading to uncontrolled cell…

Q: 6. Define the following: a. Autologous cells b. Allogenic cells Xenogenic cells C.

A: The cell is the basic biological, functional, and structural unit of life. The cell is the smallest…

Q: Which of these is a characteristic of cancer cells? a. They do not exhibit contact inhibition. b.…

A: Cancer cells are specialized cells that possess the ability of uncontrolled division, leading up to…

Q: 47. hTERT is repressed in these cells: A. Germ cells B. Tumor cells C. Somatic cells D. A and B

A: hTERT is represses in the cells.

Q: When an invasive cancer occurs? A. When genetic mutation occurs in a cell B. Cells are abnormal…

A: * Invasive cancer means a cancer which was grown past the original tissue where it developed and…

Q: Tumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement…

A: The correct option is a i.e.They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell…

Q: Mutations to proto-oncogenes act toa. increase cell division. c. repress oncogenes.b. increase DNA…

A: Cancer-critical genes are categorized into classes; Proto-oncogenes and Tumor-suppressor genes. The…

Q: what would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevented the formation of memory cells?

A: Mutation is the sudden heritable changes that occur in the DNA sequences due to error while copying…

Q: Monoclonal anti-bodies are the anti-bodies produced by_______ cells.a) cloned b) fertilized c) stem…

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: A carcinogenic compound is placed on the skin of inbred laboratory mice. In many of these mice, skin…

A: A carcinogenic substance is any substance or particle that induces the cancer formation in the host…

Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…

Q: Cleavage furrow formed during cytokinesis is found in? A-both in animal and plants B- neither in…

A: Cytokinesis ensures correct partitioning of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents into separate daughter…

Q: Why is the Philadelphia chromosome important to understanding & treating some cancers, especially…

A: Philadelphia chromosome is only present in the blood cells that are affected because of the damaged…

Q: Which cells are shown in the figure below (under the X) ?

A: Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle also known as heart muscles or myocardium. The heart of human being is…

Q: Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy…

A: Tumor protein p53, which plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage, is one of the…

Q: The role of cohesin is toa. make chromosomes more compact.b. allow for the replication of…

A: Condensin and cohesin are two most important multiprotein complexes that help the chromosomes to…

Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: In chapter 8 we read that in tumor cells Rb protein is hyperphosphorylated. In response to that,…

A: p53 suppresses the cell proliferation mediated by the Rb-E2F pathway. Phosphorylation of Rb by…

Q: What are the two basic phases of cancer cell developement? Tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes a b…

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: [a] are produced through Giemsa staining and allow for the production of a cytogenetic map

A: The cytogenic map can be defined as the method of visually showing chromosomes under the microscope…

Q: Cancer cells are easier to maintain in culture than normal cells because a) they divide without the…

A: Cancer cells are mutated cells that are cultured in laboratories for studying various human…

Q: The somatic stem cells are derived from source such as_________.a) Bone marrow, embryos, amniotic…

A: Somatic stem cells, also known as adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in the…

Q: Which of the following is false about the two types of major histocompatibility complex molecules?…

A: Major Histocompatibility complex ( or MHC ) are group of several proteins ,encoded by polymorphic…

Q: Which statement about stem cells is false? A. Stem cells were first identified in the hematopoietic…

A: Stems are cells that are not differentiated or partially differentiated, that has the capability of…

Q: a. Why are cell cycle checkpoints important?     b. What happens to a cell that fails to meet the…

A: The cell division involved progression of a cell through different cell cycle phases. At specific…

Q: how would you distinguish a stem cell from B cell at the DNA level

A: A stem cell is a type of cell that has the unusual ability to differentiate into different cell…

Q: Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single…

A: The medical condition of cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth pattern of the cells…

Q: mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 & 2 principally cause with ? (a) nucleotide…

A: BRCA1 gene mutations lead to breast cancer in women of around 60% to 80%. Along with that it also…

Q: A В C 3. Identify: a. specific type of leucoplast abundant in cells labeled as A? b. C? c. D?…

A: Q3. This is a Smilax root cross-section. (a). Amyloplasts (b). C--- Phloem  (c). D--- Xylem  (d).…

Q: is a normal cellular gene that through a A an oncogene. OA) proto-oncogene...loss-of-function OB)…

A: An oncogene is a cancer-causing gene that has been mutated. A proto-oncogene is a type of oncogene…

Q: Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from…

A: Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of genes that relate cell cycle regulation to…

Q: How will you distinguish b Stem cell from B cell at DNA level

A: B stem cells: it includes pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells that gives rise to multipotent common…

Q: Which of the following statements correctly describes p53? Which of the following statements…

A: Answers are option B and E.

Q: describe the main features of the cell cycle.

A: On the Earth, all multicellular organisms start life as a single cell which is formed after…

Q: Why are proto-oncogenes present in non-cancerous cells? A one sentence answer is fine.

A: Due to the mutations in the DNA of the cells, Cancer occurs and make the normal cells into abnormal…

Q: antibody diversity is generated principally through ? (a) exposure to environmental mutagens (b)…

A: Antibody are the proteinaceous molecules which bind to the antigen and removes the antigen from the…

Q: What is this survival signal?

A: Survival signaling is usually concerned with blocking the survival signals of the cancer cells.…

Q: Explain why it usually takes more than one mutation to cause cancer

A: Cancer is a condition wherein a portion of the body's cells develop or grow wildly and can spread to…

Oogenesis

The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase. 

Cell Division

Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons: