The interfacial energy γoil-water of an oil – water interface at 25 oC is 53 mJ/m2. The surface tension of the oil is 25 mN/m and that of water is 72.5 mN/m at 25 oC. (a) Calculate the spreading coefficient. Does the oil spread on water at 25 oC? (b) When carboxylic acid is dissolved in the oil, γoil-water is reduced. We may assume that acid addition only affects γoil-water, which decreases linearly with acid concentration (dilute solution). It is observed that spreading of the oil occurs when the acid concentration in greater than 0.005 mol/L. Calculate the adsorption isotherm Γ versus C for adsorption of acid at the interface, and the area occupied by each acid molecule at the interface at the onset of spreading.

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Mass Spectrometry

This process is an instrumental method in which a sample is changed to fast moving positive ions by electron bombardment. The charged particles vary due to their different mass to charge ratio and are estimated with the help of this difference. It is also called mass spectroscopy.