Chemistry 9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Steven S. Zumdahl
1 Chemical Foundations 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Stoichiometry 4 Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 Atomic Structure And Periodicity 8 Bonding: General Concepts 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Properties Of Solutions 12 Chemical Kinetics 13 Chemical Equilibrium 14 Acids And Bases 15 Acid-base Equilibria 16 Solubility And Complex Ion Equilibria 17 Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy 18 Electrochemistry 19 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View 20 The Representative Elements 21 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 22 Organic And Biological Molecules Chapter12: Chemical Kinetics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define reaction rate. Distinguish between the initial rate, average rate, and instantaneous rate of... Problem 2RQ: Distinguish between the differential rate law and the integrated rate law. Which of these is often... Problem 3RQ: One experimental procedure that can be used to determine the rate law of a reaction is the method of... Problem 4RQ: The initial rate for a reaction is equal to the slope of the tangent line at t 0 in a plot of [A]... Problem 5RQ: Consider the zero-, first-, and second-order integrated rate laws. If you have concentration versus... Problem 6RQ: Derive expressions for the half-life of zero-, first-, and second-order reactions using the... Problem 7RQ Problem 8RQ: What two requirements must be met to call a mechanism plausible? Why say a plausible mechanism... Problem 9RQ Problem 10RQ: Give the Arrhenius equation. Take the natural log of both sides and place this equation in the form... Problem 11RQ: Why does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction? What is the difference between a homogeneous... Problem 1ALQ: Define stability from both a kinetic and thermodynamic perspective. Give examples to show the... Problem 2ALQ: Describe at least two experiments you could perform to determine a rate law. Problem 3ALQ: Make a graph of [A] versus time for zero-, first-, and second-order reactions. From these graphs,... Problem 4ALQ: How does temperature affect k, the rate constant? Explain. Problem 5ALQ: Consider the following statements: In general, the rate of a chemical reaction increases a bit at... Problem 6ALQ: For the reaction A+BC, explain at least two ways in which the rate law could be zero order in... Problem 7ALQ: A friend of yours states, A balanced equation tells us how chemicals interact. Therefore, we can... Problem 8ALQ: Provide a conceptual rationale for the differences in the half-lives of zero-, first-, and... Problem 9ALQ: The rate constant (k) depends on which of the following (there may be more than one answer)? a. the... Problem 10Q: Each of the statements given below is false. Explain why. a. The activation energy of a reaction... Problem 11Q: Define what is meant by unimolecular and bimolecular steps. Why are termolecular steps infrequently... Problem 12Q: The plot below shows the number of collisions with a particular energy for two different... Problem 13Q: For the reaction O2(g)+2NO(g)2NO2(g) the observed rate law is Rate=k[NO]2[O2] Which of the changes... Problem 14Q: The rate law for a reaction can be determined only from experiment and not from the balanced... Problem 15Q: Table 12.2 illustrates how the average rate of a reaction decreases with time. Why does the average... Problem 16Q: The type of rate law for a reaction, either the differential rate law or the integrated rate law, is... Problem 17Q: The initial rate of a reaction doubles as the concentration of one of the reactants is quadrupled.... Problem 18Q: Hydrogen reacts explosively with oxygen. However, a mixture of H2 and O2 can exist indefinitely at... Problem 19Q: The central idea of the collision model is that molecules must collide in order to react. Give two... Problem 20Q: Consider the following energy plots for a chemical reaction when answering the questions below. a.... Problem 21Q Problem 22Q: Would the slope of a ln(k) versus 1/T plot (with temperature in kelvin) for a catalyzed reaction be... Problem 23E: Consider the reaction 4PH3(g)P4(g)+6H2(g) If, in a certain experiment, over a specific time period,... Problem 24E: In the Haber process for the production of ammonia, N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) what is the relationship... Problem 25E: At 40C, H2O2 (aq) will decompose according to the following reaction: 2H2O2(aq)2H2O(l)+O2(g) The... Problem 26E: Consider the general reaction aA+bBcC and the following average rate data over some time period t:... Problem 27E: What are the units for each of the following if the concentrations are expressed in moles per liter... Problem 28E: The rate law for the reaction Cl2(g)+CHCl3(g)HCl(g)+CCl4(g) is Rate=k[Cl2]1/2[CHCl3] What are the... Problem 29E: The reaction 2NO(g)+Cl2(g)2NOCl(g) was studied at 10C. The following results were obtained where... Problem 30E: The reaction 2I-(aq)+S2O82-(aq)I2(aq)+2SO42-(aq) was studied at 25C. The following results were... Problem 31E: The decomposition of nitrosyl chloride was studied: 2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) The following data... Problem 32E: The following data were obtained for the gas-phase decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide,... Problem 33E: The reaction I(aq)+OCl(aq)IO(aq)+Cl(aq) was studied, and the following data were obtained:... Problem 34E: The reaction 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) was studied. and the following data were obtained where Rate=[O2]t... Problem 35E: The rote of the reaction between hemoglobin (Hb) and carbon monoxide (CO) was studied at 20C. The... Problem 36E: The following data were obtained for the reaction 2ClO2(aq)+2OH(aq)ClO3(aq)+ClO2(aq)+H2O(l)... Problem 37E: The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was studied, and the following data were obtained at a... Problem 38E: A certain reaction has the following general form: aAbB At a particular temperature and [A]0 = 2.00 ... Problem 39E: The rate of the reaction NO2(g)+CO(g)NO(g)+CO2(g) depends only on the concentration of nitrogen... Problem 40E: A certain reaction has the following general form: aAbB At a particular temperature and [A]0 = 2.80 ... Problem 41E: The decomposition of ethanol (C2H5OH) on an alumina (Al2O3) surface C2H5OH(g)C2H4(g)+H2O(g) was... Problem 42E: At 500 K in the presence of a copper surface, ethanol decomposes according to the equation... Problem 43E: The dimerization of butadiene 2C4H6(g)C8H12(g) was studied at 500. K, and the following data were... Problem 44E: The rate of the reaction O(g)+NO2(g)NO(g)+O2(g) was studied at a certain temperature. a. In one... Problem 45E: Experimental data for the reaction A2B+C have been plotted in the following three different ways... Problem 46E Problem 47E: The reaction AB+C is known to be zero order in A and to have a rate constant of 5.0 102 mol/L s at... Problem 48E: The decomposition of hydrogen iodide on finely divided gold at 150C is zero order with respect to... Problem 49E Problem 50E: A first-order reaction is 75.0% complete in 320. s. a. What are the first and second half-lives for... Problem 51E: The rate law for the decomposition of phosphine (PH3) is Rate=[PH3]t=k[PH3] It takes 120. s for 1.00... Problem 52E: DDT (molar mass = 354.49 g/mol) was a widely used insecticide that was banned from use in the United... Problem 53E: Consider the following initial rate data for the decomposition of compound AB to give A and B: [AB]o... Problem 54E: The rate law for the reaction 2NOBr(g)2NO(g)+Br2(g) at some temperature is Rate=[NOBr]t=k[NOBr]2 a.... Problem 55E Problem 56E: Theophylline is a pharmaceutical drug that is sometimes used to help with lung function. You observe... Problem 57E: You and a coworker have developed a molecule thathas shown potential as cobra antivenin (AV). This... Problem 58E: Consider the hypothetical reaction A+B+2C2D+3E where the rate law is Rate=[A]t=k[A][B]2 An... Problem 59E: Write the rate laws for the following elementary reactions. a. CH3NC(g) CH3CN(g) b. O3(g) + NO(g) ... Problem 60E: A possible mechanism for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is H2O22OHH2O2+OHH2O+HO2HO2+OHH2O+O2... Problem 61E: A proposed mechanism for a reaction is... Problem 62E: The mechanism for the gas-phase reaction of nitrogen dioxide with carbon monoxide to form nitric... Problem 63AE: For the following reaction profile, indicate a. the positions of reactants and products. b. the... Problem 64AE: Draw a rough sketch of the energy profile for each of the following cases: a. E = + 10 kJ/mol, Ea =... Problem 65AE: The activation energy for the reaction NO2(g)+CO(g)NO(g)+CO2(g) is 125 kJ/mol, and E for the... Problem 66AE: The activation energy for some reaction X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) is 167 kJ/mol, and E for the reaction is +... Problem 67AE: The rate constant for the gas-phase decomposition of N2O5, N2O52NO2+12O2 has the following... Problem 68AE: The reaction (CH3)3CBr+OH(CH3)3COH+Br in a certain solvent is first order with respect to (CH3)3CBr... Problem 69AE: The activation energy for the decomposition of HI(g) to H2(g) and I2(g) is 186 kJ/mol. The rate... Problem 70AE: A first-order reaction has rate constants of 4.6 102 s1 and 8.1 102 s1 at 0C and 20.C,... Problem 71AE: A certain reaction has an activation energy of 54.0 kJ/mol. As the temperature is increased from 22C... Problem 72AE Problem 73AE: Which of the following reactions would you expect to proceed at a faster rate at room temperature?... Problem 74AE Problem 75AE: One mechanism for the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere is a. Which species is a... Problem 76AE: One of the concerns about the use of Freons is that they will migrate to the upper atmosphere, where... Problem 77AE: Assuming that the mechanism for the hydrogenation of C2H4 given in Section 11-7 is correct, would... Problem 78AE: The decomposition of NH3 to N2 and H2 was studied on two surfaces: Surface Ea (kJ/mol) W 163 Os 197... Problem 79AE: The decomposition of many substances on the surface of a heterogeneous catalyst shows the following... Problem 80AE Problem 81AE: A popular chemical demonstration is the magic genie procedure, in which hydrogen peroxide decomposes... Problem 82AE Problem 83AE: Consider the following representation of the reaction 2NO2(g) 2NO(g) + O2(g). Determine the time... Problem 84AE: The reaction H2SeO3(aq) + 6I-(aq) + 4H+(aq) Se(s) + 2I-3(aq) + 3H2O(l) was studied at 0C, and the... Problem 85AE: Consider two reaction vessels, one containing A and the other containing B, with equal... Problem 86AE: Sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) decomposes to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and chlorine (Cl2) by reaction in the... Problem 87AE: For the reaction 2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)+O2(g) the following data were collected, where Rate=[N2O5]t Time... Problem 88AE: Experimental values for the temperature dependence of the rate constant for the gas-phase reaction... Problem 89AE: Cobra venom helps the snake secure food by binding to acetylcholine receptors on the diaphragm of a... Problem 90AE: Iodomethane (CH3I) is a commonly used reagent in organic chemistry. When used properly, this reagent... Problem 91AE: Experiments during a recent summer on a number of fireflies (small beetles, Lampyridaes photinus)... Problem 92AE: The activation energy of a certain uncatalyzed biochemical reaction is 50.0 kJ/mol. In the presence... Problem 93AE: Consider the reaction 3A+B+CD+E where the rate law is defined as [A]t=k[A]2[B][C] An experiment is... Problem 94CWP: The thiosulfate ion (S2O32) is oxidized by iodine as follows: 2S2O32(aq)+I2(aq)S4O62(aq)+2I(aq) In a... Problem 95CWP: The reaction A(aq)+B(aq)products(aq) was studied, and the following data were obtained: [Al]0... Problem 96CWP: A certain substance, initially present at 0.0800 M, decomposes by zero-order kinetics with a rate... Problem 97CWP: A reaction of the form aAProducts gives a plot of ln[A] versus time (in seconds), which is a... Problem 98CWP: A certain reaction has the form aAProducts At a particular temperature, concentration versus time... Problem 99CWP Problem 100CWP: Consider the hypothetical reaction A2(g) + B2(g) 2AB(g), where the rate law is: [A2]t=k[A2][B2] The... Problem 101CWP: Experiments have shown that the average frequency of chirping by a snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus... Problem 102CP: Consider a reaction of the type aA products, in which the rate law is found to he rate = k[A]3... Problem 103CP: A study was made of the effect of the hydroxide concentration on the rate of the reaction... Problem 104CP: Two isomers (A and B) of a given compound dimerize as follows: 2Ak1A22Bk2B2 Both processes are known... Problem 105CP: The reaction NO(g)+O3NO2(g)+O2(g) was studied by performing two experiments. In the first experiment... Problem 106CP: Most reactions occur by a series of steps. The energy profile for a certain reaction that proceeds... Problem 107CP: You are studying the kinetics of the reaction H2(g) + F2(g) 2HF(g) and you wish to determine a... Problem 108CP: The decomposition of NO2(g) occurs by the following bimolecular elementary reaction:... Problem 109CP: The following data were collected in two studies of the reaction 2A+BC+D Time (s) Experiment 1 [A]... Problem 110CP: Consider the following hypothetical data collected in two studies of the reaction 2A+2BC+2D Time(s)... Problem 111CP: Consider the hypothetical reaction A+B+2C2D+3E In a study of this reaction three experiments were... Problem 112CP: Hydrogen peroxide and the iodide ion react in acidic solution as follows:... Problem 113IP: Sulfuryl chloride undergoes first-order decomposition at 320.C with a half-life of 8.75 h.... Problem 114IP: Upon dissolving InCl(s) in HCl, In+(aq) undergoes a disproportionation reaction according to the... Problem 115IP: The decomposition of iodoethane in the gas phase proceeds according to the following equation:... Problem 116MP: Consider the following reaction: CH3X+YCH3Y+X At 25C, the following two experiments were run,... Problem 9RQ
Related questions
Could someone double check my results from an investigating the rates of reaction lab session I did recently? Also I'd be very grateful if someone could help me with filling out the second page and if its first, second order etc as I don't properly understand that.
Transcribed Image Text: Results:
Fill your results in the following table.
Average initial rate of
reaction (d[l2]init/dt =
[12]10min/10 min)
Volume of
[12] produced after
10 minutes of
Initial
Initial
thiosulphate used
(Vehio) mL
Row
[r]
[S20,1
2#
reaction
M
M
M min
mL
M
5.76
0.00288
O.000288
0.2
0.028
2.52
0-000 126
0.1
0.028
O-00126
1.35
0-000675
0-0000675
3
0.05
0.028
[12] produced after
10 minutes of
Average initial rate of
reaction (d[l2]init/dt =
[l2]10min/10 min)
Volume of
Initial
[S20s?)
Initial
thiosulphate used
(Vthio) mL
Row
[r]
reaction
#3
M
M min
M
mL
2.52
0-000126
0.1
0.028
0-00126
S.58
0-00279
0-000279
4.
0.1
0.056
10.71
0-005355
0.0005355
0.1
0.112
21
Transcribed Image Text: the [I] will halve the rate; doubling the [I 1 should double the rate, etc.
If the reaction is 'second order' in jodide, x = 2. the rate is proportional to [I] and halving
the [I] will reduce the rate by a factor of four.
Look at the data and decide what the order of reaction is with respect to iodide:
X =
order
著*兴
Now, do the same thing with the second data set, where [I] is kept constant and
[S2O8 ] changes (i.e. Row #s 3-5).
Look at the data and decide what the order of reaction is with respect to persulphate:
y =
order
Thus the rate law for the reaction is:
The overall order of the reaction is
Definition Definition Study of the speed of chemical reactions and other factors that affect the rate of reaction. It also extends toward the mechanism involved in the reaction.
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![Results:
Fill your results in the following table.
Average initial rate of
reaction (d[l2]init/dt =
[12]10min/10 min)
Volume of
[12] produced after
10 minutes of
Initial
Initial
thiosulphate used
(Vehio) mL
Row
[r]
[S20,1
2#
reaction
M
M
M min
mL
M
5.76
0.00288
O.000288
0.2
0.028
2.52
0-000 126
0.1
0.028
O-00126
1.35
0-000675
0-0000675
3
0.05
0.028
[12] produced after
10 minutes of
Average initial rate of
reaction (d[l2]init/dt =
[l2]10min/10 min)
Volume of
Initial
[S20s?)
Initial
thiosulphate used
(Vthio) mL
Row
[r]
reaction
#3
M
M min
M
mL
2.52
0-000126
0.1
0.028
0-00126
S.58
0-00279
0-000279
4.
0.1
0.056
10.71
0-005355
0.0005355
0.1
0.112
21](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4822f11c-199a-4554-b9e6-0b80c71c7687%2Fa74558cf-1021-42ae-9d53-ae46361bd3f1%2Fr18kizd8_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![the [I] will halve the rate; doubling the [I 1 should double the rate, etc.
If the reaction is 'second order' in jodide, x = 2. the rate is proportional to [I] and halving
the [I] will reduce the rate by a factor of four.
Look at the data and decide what the order of reaction is with respect to iodide:
X =
order
著*兴
Now, do the same thing with the second data set, where [I] is kept constant and
[S2O8 ] changes (i.e. Row #s 3-5).
Look at the data and decide what the order of reaction is with respect to persulphate:
y =
order
Thus the rate law for the reaction is:
The overall order of the reaction is](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4822f11c-199a-4554-b9e6-0b80c71c7687%2Fa74558cf-1021-42ae-9d53-ae46361bd3f1%2Fbpmkvzu_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
