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- Under what general macroeconomic circumstances might a government use expansionary fiscal policy? When might it use contractionary fiscal policy?Why is spending by the U.S. government on scientific research at NASA fiscal policy while spending by the University of Illinois is not fiscal policy? Why is a cut in the payroll tax fiscal policy whereas a cut in a state income tax is not fiscal policy?Which of the following is carried out in an expansionary fiscal policy? O a. Higher taxes and lower government expenditure O b. Lower taxes and higher government expenditure O c. Higher taxes and higher government expenditure O d. Lower taxes and lower government expenditure.
- The graph below depicts the full-employment level of output and the actual level of real GDP. Real GDP Business Cycle 01 2 3 4 5 Year 6 7 8 9 Y* (9,55) 10Which of the following is NOT a tool of fiscal policy. O taxes O government spending Onterest rates none of the above Question 2 Assume the economy is in a deep recession. The appropriate fiscal policy response would be to: raise taxes and raise govemment expenditures cut taxes and cut govermment expenditures raise taxes and cut government expenditures O cut taxes and increase government expenditures D Question 3 Crowding out refers to the fact that: Tax cuts will cause inflation O Tax cuts may result in higher interest rates which will "crowd out" business investment spending O increased government spending will crowd out spending on imports none of the aboveThe graph below shows real GDP levels over time. Answer the following questions based on this groph. Real GDP T Business Cycle Time Y" a. At time T. what is the economy experiencing? O full-employment output an economic expansion an economic contraction b. In order to smooth out the business cycle, what type of fiscal policy should the government undertake? contractionary fiscal policy expansionary fiscal policy c. What type of actions might the government take? a decrease in taxes and an increase in government purchases a decrease in both taxes and govemment purchases an increase in taxes and a decrease in government purchases an increase in both taxes and government purchases
- Suppose the current equilibrium GDP is less than potential GDP. Which of the following actions could the government take to close the output gap? Select one or more: O a. No action is necessary O b. Decrease expenditures C. Decreases taxes Od. Increase taxes O e. Increase expendituresQUESTION 20 Consider an economy that is producing an aggregate output of Y2 shown in the figure below. The economy fäces can be closed by Aggregate price level which fiscal policy. LRAS SRAS AD2 AD1 AD Y2 Yp Y1 Real GDP Oa. an inflationary gap; expansionary O b-a recessionary gap; expansionary Oc a recessionary gap; contractionary O d an inflationary gap; contractionaryWhich of the following would be classed as an expansionary fiscal policy? O A. An increase in the money supply Ов. A reduction in the number of goods exempted from VAT An increase in government taxation OD. An increase in government expenditure
- What are the three injection into the income-expenditure flow? O Government Spending, Consumer Spending. Exports O Goverment Spending. Investment, Exports : O Government Spending, Investment, ImportsWhich of the following fiscal policies cause a decrease in aggregate expenditures? O A. An increase in transfer payments and an increase in government spending. О В. An increase in transfer payments and a decrease in taxes. A decrease in taxes and an increase in government spending. D. An increase in taxes and a decrease in government spending.6. Does government borrowing crowd out private spending? Suppose a hypothetical economy is operating at an output level that is well below full employment. In an attempt to increase aggregate demand, the government borrows money in order to increase spending. According to Keynesian economists, how are each of the following items affected by the increase in government spending and borrowing? Increases Decreases Consumer and Business Optimism O O Consumption O Business Investment O