The following is a list of mutational changes. For each of the specific mutations described, indicate which of the following terms could apply, either as a description of the mutation or as a possible cause. More than one term from the right column can apply to each statement in the left column. 1. an A-T base pair in the wild-type gene is changed to a G-C pair 2. an A-T base pair is changed to a T-A pair a. transition b. base substitution c. transversion 3. the sequence AAGCTTATCG is changed to d. inversion AAGCTATCG c. translocation f. deletion 4. the sequence AAGCTTATCG is changed to AAGCTTTATCG g. insertion 5. the sequence AACGTTATCG is changed to AATGTTATCG h. decamination 6. the sequence AACGTCACACACACATCG is i. X-ray irradiation changed to AACGTCACATCG j. intercalator 7. the gene map in a given chromosome arm is changed from bog-rad-fox1-fox2-try-duf (where foxl and fox2 are highly homologous, recently diverged genes) to bog-rad-fox1-fox3- fox2-try-duf (where fox3 is a new gene with one end similar to foxl and the other similar to fox2) k. uncqual crossing- over 8. the gene map in a chromosome is changed from bog-rad-fax1-fox2-try-duf to bog-rad- fox2-foxl-try-duf 9. the gene map in a given chromosome is changed from bog-rad-fox1-fox2-try-duf to bog-rad-fox1-mel-qui-txu-sqm

Q: What are the factors that cause mutation?

A: Mutation is a spontaneous molecular change in the DNA sequence of a gene. There are different types…

Q: Which of the following is a transition mutation? OG --> T G --> A G --> C

A:

Q: Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects…

A: A gene mutation is a permanent alteration that makes up a gene in the DNA sequence so that the…

Q: What is the difference  Between a silent mutation and a neutral mutation?

A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutations are variations in…

Q: 5-bromouracil is a base analog. It looks chemically similar to a thymine, and able to pair with…

A: Any chemical or physical agent which changes the structure of DNA is termed as mutant. 5-Bromouracil…

Q: Define the silent mutation in DNA? (2.5 marks) 2) What is the codon usage bias? (2.5 marks) 3)…

A: Answer 1)  Silent mutations are DNA mutations that do not result in a change to the amino acid…

Q: How can we estimate the age of a mutation?

A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. Mutation occurs…

Q: How is paramutation similar to normal gene mutation? How does it differ? Make a list of similarities…

A:

Q: Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects…

A: A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, which might occur due to mistakes when the…

Q: What is a A hypomorphic mutation?

A: The change in normal structure or function of a wild type of gene due to alteration in nucleotides,…

Q: Is the mutation in the sickle cell gene a point mutation or a frameshift mutation?

A: Point mutations are a large category of mutations that describe a change in single nucleotide of…

Q: Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects…

A: A gene mutation is a permanent alteration that makes up a gene in the DNA sequence, so that the…

Q: What is the difference between a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation?

A: Mutation is defined as the sudden and permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. It causes…

Q: What are the silent, misense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations?

A: Mutation is an abrupt change in the DNA sequence and  nucleotide base pairs.  Mutation is caused by…

Q: What is the difference between a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation? Between a silent…

A: Gene mutations involve alteration in the structure of genes which alters or modifies the structure…

Q: The letters ABCDEFGH represent a normal DNA sequence. Indicate the type of mutation present in each…

A: Whenever there is a normal DNA sequence, but after DNA replication, or due to cellular stress or due…

Q: Which of the following is/are a transition mutation(s)? (select any that apply) A to T   A to G   C…

A: Point mutations refer to the change of a single nucleotide. These can be single base substitution or…

Q: what type of mutation can be avoided when doing the following: 1. Eating healthy foods 2. avoiding…

A: A mutation is an alteration in a DNA sequence caused due to various factors such as exposure to…

Q: Why do frameshift mutations tend to have a more severe consequence than a missense mutation?

A: Mutation is change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from: DNA copying mistakes made during…

Q: You sequence the TBX1 gene from patients to diagnose if they have DiGeorge syndrome, and you find…

A: A chromosomal disorder where a small segment of 22 chromosomes is deleted. It is also an…

Q: 28. What type of mutation is seen here? WT: 5′-AUG GCU AGA GUU GAA AAA-3′…

A:

Q: Which of the following types of physical mutagens produces thymine dimmer mutations? A- gamma rays…

A: Given:       Physical mutagens produces thymine dimmer mutations.

Q: Three common ways to repair changes in DNA structure are nucleotideexcision repair, mismatch repair,…

A: DNA repair, it is a mechanism by which a cell recognise, or identify the mutations, damage, or any…

Q: Upon going through the complete process of gene expression, which amino acid would be most likely to…

A:

Q: 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA?  2) What is the codon usage bias?

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one is to be answered, we are…

Q: Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how can human cells make 75,00o-100,000 different…

A: Given questions: How human cells make different proteins Difference between missense and nonsense.…

Q: The Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is made up of What type of mutation does not affect a proteii 1.…

A: DNA  It is a heritable molecule which transfer from parents to their offsprings. It contains all the…

Q: What is the resulting polypeptide: _______________________________________________________? What…

A: Central dogma is the central processing part in which DNA is converted into m RNA by transcription…

Q: hat type of  mutation (missense, silent, and non-sense) was introduced in your sequence when G was…

A: A Mutation happens once a deoxyribonucleic acid sequence is broken or modified in such the simplest…

Q: Can you briefly explain each types of mutation (difference, unique fact, etc) ? Please don’t just…

A: Mutations are the changes in the genome resulting in the synthesis of different products. These…

Q: Which of the following best describes this type of mutation? Original – CCU-GAU-GAG-UCA…

A: Introduction : Mutations are modifications to the genetic sequence. Mutations can involve the…

Q: Which of the given disorder can be seen in an individual when the mutation includes substitution of…

A: Purines and pyrimidines are nitrogenous bases present in nucleic acids. Substitution of purine by…

Q: What are the possible ways that a mutation may affect an organism?

A: Mutation are random, sudden changes in the genetic material. Variation arises due to mutation are…

Q: Explain why STR mutations are found at a much higher frequency than single nucleotide changes?

A: STR means single tandem repeat, and the mutation in the STR segments is at a very high rate .

Q: The first 15 bases of the original informational strand of DNA (which continues after what is shown)…

A: Mutation is the change in DNA sequence caused due to various factors. Mutations take place during…

Q: Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are 1) nucleotide changes and 2) unstable genome…

A: The mutation is a change that is due to a change in DNA due to some environmental factors or damage…

Q: What detection method could be used to determine the Mutation at a palindromic site and what results…

A: A palindromic sequence of nucleotide occurs when complementary strands of DNA read the same in both…

Q: sequences below to determine what type of mutation has occurred by comparing the normal sequence to…

A: Original sequences produce normal or regular phenotypes. Mutated sequences produce new phenotypes.…

Q: If a base was added or deleted and the reading frame shifted, this would be an example of a…

A: Mutation is the change in the sequence of DNA. This may occur due to errors in DNA copying, Ionising…

Q: Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect…

A: Answer: SILENT MUTATIONS  are the mutations in the DNA that do not have an observable effect on the…

Q: What is the minimal number of insertions/deletions of nucleotides that would result in a frameshift…

A: A mutation happens when a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) gene is broken or modified causing the change…

Q: What type of mutation is represented in the second strand of DNA? 1.      TACGGCACT 2.…

A: Mutation is the sudden inheritable change. The process by which mutation occurs is called as…

Q: What is a silent mutation? Why is the name “silent mutation” a bit of a misnomer?

A: The flow of information in the cell is generally from DNA to RNA to proteins. DNA contains the…

Q: What Is the Molecular Basis of Mutation?

A: Introduction Mutations in the genes may be caused artificially or occur naturally. When an organism…

Q: Which of the following mutations involve the loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene sequence?…

A: Mutation is the change or alterations in the nucleotide sequence of genome of an organism. Mutation…

Q: Which of the following mutational changes wouldyou predict to be the most deleterious to gene…

A: Introduction :- A mutation is a change in our DNA sequence that happens as a result of errors in DNA…