The Electron Transport System (ETS)The ETS must generate a hydrogen gradient (proton motive force) in order to power the enzymeATP synthase to produce ATP. This is the process of chemiosmosis/oxidative phosphorylation.1. Below is a representation of the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrian. You will completethe drawing as instructed.A. Draw several protons (H+) where they would accumulate in the mitochondrian to form a gradient.B. Draw an arrow showing the direction the H+ would flow to power ATP synthase.C. Fill in the equation blanks in the text box. This describes the activity of ATP synthase.000a.CDOC0000000ooooooooooo000000000ooooooooATP synthase activity2. What is the terms used to describe what is happening to the members of the electron transport system?When they accept an electron they are said to beWhen they pass the electron to the next carrier they are said to be3. What molecules serve to donate electrons (and protons) to the electron transport system in themitochondria? a._b.4. Approximately how many ATP are generated when each of the above-listed molecules donate theirelectrons and protons to the ETS?b.5. What is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport system?After this molecule accepts an electron, what molecule will it form?

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Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

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Glycolysis and Krebs cycle pror TWGPalygXphYW9-zKh7Bt-bdNc75nprw176dBUWOA mResponse 23. Select the situation that will NOT happen if ATP synthase is not functioning. O A. Damage to the chemiosmosis process. B. The number of ATP produced is reduced. C. ATP can be produced through oxidative phosphorylation. D. Accumulation of proton ions in the intercellular membrane. 24. Oxidation of organic compounds that produced carbon dioxide, water and release of free energy causing reduction of the final acceptor molecule: oxygen. Justify the reason. ray bonds than those in
Hi can you please answer to those questions explain this to me , if possible giving examples . Thanks A 45 year old man was rushed to the ER after ingesting "Galaxodin," a hypothetical poison. Explain why Galaxodin is toxic knowing that it increases the pH of the intermembrane space of mitochondria! You will need to give a comprehensive explanation of the process of energy conversion starting from NAH ending in ATP under normal conditions. Include details such as the transfer of electrons, the proton gradient, and chemiosmosis, NADH and FADH2, and ATP synthase must be mentioned. The majority of your grade will come from this part. Then explain why Galaxodin is so toxic!
The figure below shows an illustration of a mitochondrian. Mustration of a mitochondrion Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of the mitochondrion? A B с D The shape of the mitochondrion Increases its material-exchange efficiency by maximiz ing its overall volume relative to its surface area. The double-membrane structure of the mitochondrion allows it to maintain its relatively acidic environment in which nutrients can be digested. The folds of the mitochondrion Inner membrane increase its material-exchange effi- ciency by maximizing its surface area relative to its volume. The specific structure of the mitochondrion Inner membrane allows it to correctly guide the folding of proteins into their functional shape.
12. Use Figure 4 for questions a-c below. 114 ATP synthase matrix intermembrane space Figure 4: Sketch of a mitochondrion https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Schema mitochondrion basic.svg Bionet, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons a. Add to the sketch to show a H* concentration gradient in an active mitochondrion. (Sketch more H* in the appropriate space. Sketch less H* in the appropriate space.) 4+ b. Sketch an arrow to represent the direction that protons flow (via diffusion) through ATP synthase. c. If the concentration of protons was equal on each side of the membrane, how would that affect the flow of protons through ATP synthase? How would that affect ATP production from glucose?
1. As has been discussed in class the electron transport chain is the first part of oxidative phosphorylation. This chain of multi-subunit enzymes is responsible for facilitating the transfer of electrons from NADH and succinate/FADH₂ to oxygen making water. Given this understanding answer the following questions. a. Below is an equation for determining the amount of energy required to move 1 mol of protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In actively respiring mitochondria the A = +/-0.15 volts to +/- 0.20 volts. The ApH for a typically mitochondria will be 0.75 pH units, with the matrix (N-side) being more alkaline than the IMS (P-side). Given this state the total energy needed to move a single proton from the N to the P-side. Assume T = 310K and R = 8.314 J mol-¹ K-¹ and a A4 = 0.17 volts. Finally, assume F = 96.5 kJ/mol/volt AG = 2.3RTAPH + FA b. How much free energy is available in the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen given the following half-reactions and…
You are studying the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the lab. You isolate several mitochondria from cells and place them in a buffered solution with a low pH and observe that the mitochondria begin to synthesize ATP. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation? F It increases the conc. of OH-, causing the mitochondria to pump H+ to the intermembrane space. It increases the diffusion of H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. It increases the diffusion of H+ from the intermembrane space to the matrix. It increases the conc. of OH- in the mitochondrial matrix.
Using the choices on the left, correctly label the indicated regions of the mitochondria. Electron carriers Cristae Outer membrane H+ pumps Matrix ATP The McGraw-H Companies, Inc. Permission required for production or display
Describe the main functions of the different components of the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrion. A structurally similar enzyme is responsible for the acidification of lysosomes and endosomes. Given what you know about the mechanism of ATP synthesis, explain how this acidification might occur.
without oxygen US V 11 glucose G 2 13 14 pyruvate with oxygen acetyl Col CO₂ CO₂ Using the diagram above, fill in the chart below for a summary of cellular respiration taking place in the mitochondria. X₂ X² но B I 2 4 electron transport system C > X Q 흐트 E Summary of Cellular Respiration Name of Location Brief Is ATP process of process Description produced? I E D
ATP generationinvolves electron transport chains and the enzyme ATPsynthase, which are embedded in the mitochondrion’s______ membrane.
The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons auch that ATP synthesis could occur if ATP synthase were present? (Gold spheres represent protons.) 圈圈圈圈圈 A B D E OA OB OC OD OE intermembrane space Anner membrane matrie
The energy of electron transport (by the ETC) serves to move protons (hydrogen ions, or H") to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? O This movement of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion. O The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that were accepted in glycolysis ad the citric acid cycle O The protons are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reaction O The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane

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