The binding of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate is lowest with: A) Adult hemoglobin B) Fetal hemoglobin C) Sickle cell hemoglobin D) It is the same for all three
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- In sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin forms long fibers as a result of a) Burying of non-polar amino acids b) Burying polar amino acids c) Exposing polar amino acids d) Electrostatic interaction between glutamate and non polar amino acidsThe group of disorders associated with single gene mutations affecting amino acid sequences in the alpha and beta globin genes are called Question 10 options: A) thalassemias B) hemoglobinopathies C) hemolytic anemias D) megaloblastic anemiasWhich process is most responsible for the sickling of cells seen in sickle cell disease? A) aggregation of the oxygenated R form of hemoglobin-S to form insoluble fibers b) aggregation of the deoxygenated T form of hemoglobin-S to form insoluble fibers c) Hemoglobin-S does not contain heme d) Hemoglobin-S contains a mutant form of heme which will not bind oxygen A person with sickle-cell trait is very unlikely to catch which disease? A) malaria b) colon cancer c) avian flu d) whooping cough
- 1. a) True or False - A mutation in the beta globin gene that causes conversion of His146 to Glutamate would decrease Hemoglobin’s O2 binding affinity. b) True or False - A mutation in the beta globin gene that causes conversion of His146 to Glutamate would eliminate Hemoglobin’s positive cooperativity.In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, what does the sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibit? A) only altered primary structure B) only altered tertiary structure C) only altered quaternary structure D) altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be alteredAnemia is characterized by low hemoglobin levels or a reduced number of red blood cells (both of which transport oxygen to cells). A common symptom of anemia is tiredness. a) Explain what the consequences are of anemia on cellular energy production. b) Suggest at least one other cellular effects of anemia and an explanation of this effect.
- Animal and clinical studies have shown that administration of lactated Ringer’s solution to patients with hypovolemic shock may() A) Increase serum lactate concentration B) Impair liver function C) Improve hemodynamics by alleviating the deficit in the interstitial fluid compartment D) Increase metabolic acidosis E) Increase the need for blood transfusion27) All of the following laboratory values are consistent with an intravascular hemolytic anemia EXCEPT() A) increased haptoglobin B) Increased lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) C) Increased reticulocyte count D) Increased unconjugated bilirubin E) Increased urine hemosiderinWhat is BCL11A and how is it related to hemoglobin?
- Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding sickle cell anemia? a) the sickle cell trait provides protection against malaria b) sickle cell anemia is due to a point mutation in the gene encoding one of the hemoglobin polypeptides Oc) sickle cell anemia may result from a lack of vitamin C d) a sickle cell crisis may be triggered by hypoxic environmental conditions e) sickle cell hemoglobin causes red blood cells to be more prone to ruptureA child is brought to the clinic due to repeated episodes of ear and lung infections. Investigations and history have revealed a deficiency of enzyme responsible for respiratory burst in the neutrophils .which of the following enzyme is deficient ? a) catalase b)NADPH oxidase c) superoxide dismutase d) myeloperoxidase.The 2-3 phosphoglycerate (BFG) binds to the central gap formed by the hemoglobin monomers (a2b2) facilitating the reversible release of oxygen. Approximate relationships between BFG concentrations in red blood cells and Pos in hemoglobin are in the table.a) Draw the reaction schemeb) Write the forces that condition the union between hemoglobin and BFG
