The ammonia molecule has a dipole moment of 5.0×10−30 C·m. Ammonia molecules in the gas phase are placed in a uniform electric field E⃗ with magnitude 1.6 × 106 N/C. What is the change in electric potential energy when the dipole moment of a molecule changes its orientation with respect to E⃗ from parallel to perpendicular?

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Electric Charges and Fields

One of the fundamental properties is the electromagnetic property. Charge cannot be destroyed by any process and this contributes formally to the law of charge conservation.