Strabismus is an eye condition in which one eye is not aligned correctly (see pictures below). One treatment is to inject botulinum toxin (Botox) into eye muscles to correct the misalignment. Considering the effects of botulinum toxin on the neuromuscular junction we have learned, which muscle would you inject the toxin (A-D)? Briefly explain the molecular mechanism underlying this treatment. Left eye Right eye 0502 Left eye Normal eye alignment A B C Strabismus Right eye D
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- Many conditions affect the eyes. Hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism are three conditions that can be corrected easily using prescription eyeglasses. Laser surgery can permanently modify the shape of the cornea. Which of the following rows identify the correct types of technologies to correct each condition? a. Hyperopia Myopia Astigmatism Concave lens Laser surgery to make the cornea flatter Convex lens Laser surgery to increase the curvature of the cornea Corrective lens that corrects the uneven corneal surface Laser surgery to make the corneal curvature even b. Hyperopia Myopia Astigmatism Convex lens Laser surgery to increase the curvature of the cornea Concave lens Laser surgery to make the cornea flatter Corrective lens that corrects the uneven corneal surface Laser surgery to make the corneal curvature even c. Hyperopia Myopia Astigmatism Concave lens Laser surgery to make the cornea flatter…Why is that when performing retinoscopy on a myopic patient we will see against motion, unless within your working distance?Image after (at the back) Retina Short distance Object Object https://ophysics.com/16.html Retina Human Eye Lens The above picture shows the defect of a human eye, where the image of the long distance object is formed before(in- front) the retina: 1) What type of eye defect is shown in the picture? 2) The reason for above eye defect is and 3) How can we correct the above eye defect?
- Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyeball caused by an imbalance in the extrinsic eye muscles, is also called lazy eye or wandering eye. Identify the extrinsic eye muscle that would cause lateral strabismus of the right eye.Under what circumstances should the product Ocusert-pilo be used? Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using this long-acting ocular insert. Perform a literature search and explain the rationale for using nimodipine and pentoxifylline in advanced open-angle glaucoma. How do these agents work to increase blood flow to the eye and retard the progression of nerve damage? Perform a literature search on the reason why antimetabolites such as mitomycin C and 5-FU are used in glaucoma surgery. What is the mechanism of action of these antimetabolites in trabeculectomy pressure-lowering surgery?Strabismus (stra-biz′mu˘ s) is a condition in which one or both eyes deviatein a medial or lateral direction. In some cases, strabismus is caused by aweakness in either the medial or the lateral rectus muscle. If the lateralrectus of the right eye is weak, in which direction does the eye deviate?
- Choose the correct answer: When viewing far objects the under normal conditions, the i. ciliary body is contracted, suspensory ligament is tense and the lens is flat ii. ciliary body is relaxed, suspensory ligament is tense and the lens is flat iii. ciliary body is relaxed, suspensory ligament is relaxed and the lens is thicker iv. ciliary body is contracted, suspensory ligament is relaxed and the lens is thickerReasons why antimetabolites such as mitomycin C and 5 FU are used in glaucoma surgery. (Based on a literature search)A 50-year-old neuroanatomist and hat designer was involved in a serious collision with a large fish. When you examine them (the neuroanatomist, that is the fish was unharmed) you notice that when you lightly touch their left cornea, only their left eye blinks; when you touch their right cornea, again only their left eye blinks. Damage in which of the following locations would best account for these findings? the right trigeminal ganglion, sparing all other systems. the right lateral corticospinal tract, sparing the facial sensory and motor nuclei. the vicinity of the right abducens nucleus, affecting the facial nerve. the right oculomotor nucleus, sparing the facial motor and sensory nuclei. the left lateral corticospinal tract, sparing the oculomotor nucleus and the trigeminal and facial sensory and motor nuclei.
- done in the normal https://www.brainpop.com/games/virtuallabsusingthemicroscope/ [note: this activity requires Flash] A. Play around with this demo of the use of a microscope, including a high-resolution "oll objective: B. Familiarize Yourself with Microscope Using a Letter "e" Slide Please watch the following video on viewing the letter "e" through a microscope. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKnypybq7L0 1. Calculating magnification: d. Muluply the power (magnification) of the evepiece by the power of the objective lens to obtain the total magnification. b. The power of the eyepiece is 10x. C. The power of each objective lens is written on it. It is usually followed by an "x", and is an integer, NOT a decimal number, e.g., "4x". d. In any sketches you make, include the total magnification under which you observed the specimen. Always include the "x" as part of the magnification (e.g., 10x, 400x). Fill out this table: Total Name of objective Magnification Magnification of of Ocular…Problem: A patient with a refractive myopia cannot see objects clearly if they are further away than 10 m. To be able to drive safely and obtain his driving license, he needs to be able to clearly see objects up to 100 m away. In this problem, Pmin eye = minimum optical power of the patient’s natural eyes, Pmin combo = minimum optical power of the patient’s natural eyes + corrective glasses, and Pmin glasses = minimum optical power of the corrective glasses. Questions: What is the cause of the patient’s vision problems (i.e., his medical diagnosis)? What does this diagnosis mean for the patient? If the patient opted to purchase glasses, would corrective lenses create real or virtual images in the patient’s field of vision? Would the eye interpret images produced by the glasses as real or virtual images? What assumptions can be made about the size of the patient’s eyeball and their lens-retina distance (units of m)? Define the term far point. What is the patient’s far…b) When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens contract fully, its focal length is 16.5000 cm. With this focal length, how far away must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the far point of vision.)