Rho activation is preceded by association of a Rho regulator to regions of the plasma membrane just “above” where the contractile ring will form. Which regulator (Rho GAP or Rho GEF) would you predict would be localized to this region of the cell? Briefly explain your reasoning.
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Rho activation is preceded by association of a Rho regulator to regions of the plasma membrane just “above” where the contractile ring will form. Which regulator (Rho GAP or Rho GEF) would you predict would be localized to this region of the cell? Briefly explain your reasoning.
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- Briefly describe one voltage-gated ion channel and two protein pumps found in the heart. In your answer, you should explain how the voltage-gated ion channel responds to voltage changes and how it controls which ions pass through the channel. For the protein pumps, be sure to describe the structure of the protein pump and any conformational changes that it goes through. Additionally, you should briefly explain the importance of each ion channel or pump for the normal functioning of the cardiac muscle.In covid-19 myocarditis happened, and endothelial cell is in charge of inhibiting the inflammation, what will happen to the endocardium? It will be affected?Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the production of erythrocytes in red bone marrow. Although EPO is primarily produced and released by the kidneys in response to low tissue levels of oxygen, several other tissues, including the liver and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), can produce EPO. EPO binds the EPO receptor (EPOR) in erythrocyte precursor cells, causing them to differentiate into mature erythrocytes that are released into circulation. As the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood increases, secretion of EPO by the kidneys decreases. Neurons in the CNS also express EPOR, and EPO has been shown to decrease apoptosis of both erythrocyte precursor cells and CNS neurons. EPO also promotes angiogenesis, the production of new blood vessels. The human EPO gene has been cloned and expressed in vitro. The recombinant gene product (rHuEPO) is frequently administered to patients who have anemia resulting from either kidney failure or chemotherapy.…
- In 1925, E. Gorter and F. Grendel used an apparatus like that described in Problem 1 to determine the surface area of a lipid monolayer formed bylipids extracted from erythrocytes of several animal species. They used a microscope to measure the dimensions of individual cells, from which they calculated the average surface area of one erythrocyte. They obtained the data shown in the table below. Were these investigators justified in concluding that “chromocytes [erythrocytes] are covered by a layer of fatty substances that is two molecules thick” (i.e., a lipid bilayer)?Electrophoretic flow and electroosmotic flow (EOF) plays an important role in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for ions movement. Explain the differences between electrophoretic flow and EOF. b) Suggest two different approaches (other than reducing the voltage) to reduce the electroosmotic flow. c) Three water soluble vitamins: niacinamide (a neutral compound), riboflavin (a neutral compound) and thiamine (a cation) were separated by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) in 15 mM borate buffer (pH 8) with 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The migration times were niacinamide (7.5 min), riboflavin (12.8 min) and thiamine (13.9 min) Explain why these vitamins were separated using MEKC. Explain why niacinamide and riboflavin (both are neutral compounds) have different migration times. (i) With the aid of a diagram, differentiate flow profile of electroosmotic flow (EOF) and laminar flow. (ii) Discuss the effect of both flows in term of peak resolution.[Choose ] hypertonic hypotonic isotonic
- Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the production of erythrocytes in red bone marrow. Although EPO is primarily produced and released by the kidneys in response to low tissue levels of oxygen, several other tissues, including the liver and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), can produce EPO. EPO binds the EPO receptor (EPOR) in erythrocyte precursor cells, causing them to differentiate into mature erythrocytes that are released into circulation. As the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood increases, secretion of EPO by the kidneys decreases. Neurons in the CNS also express EPOR, and EPO has been shown to decrease apoptosis of both erythrocyte precursor cells and CNS neurons. EPO also promotes angiogenesis, the production of new blood vessels. The human EPO gene has been cloned and expressed in vitro. The recombinant gene product (rHuEPO) is frequently administered to patients who have anemia resulting from either kidney failure or chemotherapy.…Describe the steps of TH1 activation in 2 to 3 paragraphsHere is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC = Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. Given that the chloride cells of salt water fish have the NKCC transporter on the basal (bottom) side of the epithelium, what do you predict regarding the NKCC transporter in chloride cells of freshwater fish? A. The transporter must move chloride in the opposite direction, also from the bottom side of the cell. B. The NKCC transporter, as localized in salt water fish, could also work in freshwater fish. C. The transporter must move chloride in the opposite direction, but from the apical (top) side of the cell. D. A transporter is not needed to move Cl- ions into cells from fresh water.
- Define plasmin(e) Two ADP agonists (drugs) were also found to bind to platelets: 2-methylthio-ADP bound with a Kp of 7 µM and 2-(3-aminopropylthio)-ADP bound with a Kp of 200 µM. Can these drugs effectively compete with ADP for binding to platelets? Explain your answer.It is known that heparin acts by increasing the activity of antithrombin, causing a conformational change. LMWHs inhibit mainly factor Xa. Although low doses of heparin act primarily by neutralizing factor Xa, at high doses it prevents thrombin-induced platelet activation and prolongs bleeding time. What are major clinical benefits using heparin or LMWHs?