Relative amounts Innate immune response Anne's Immune Response Adaptive immune response T cells Amount of virus Phagocytes Antibodies Time Relative amounts Mr. Conti's Immune Response Innate immune response Amount of virus Adaptive immune response Antibodies Phagocytes T cells Time
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Mr. Conti died from a smallpox infection. The graphs (pictured) illustrate Anne's immune response and Mr. Conti's immune response. What differences do you see between these two graphs, and how do these differences explain why Anne survived and Mr. Conti died?
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- What is the differencebetween humoral specificimmune response and cellularspecific immune response?Why is it necessary for immature T lymphocytes toundergo a two-step selection process through whichantigen-reactive cells are first selected followed bythe elimination of cells that react strongly withself-antigens?It would be disastrous if a complement attack werenot confined to the surface of the pathogen that is the tar-get of the attack. Yet, the proteolytic cascade involved inthe attack liberates biologically active molecules at severalsteps: one that diffuses away and one that remains boundto the target surface. How does the complement reactionremain localized when active products leave the surface?
- Some primitive organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive immune system, but they have somecomponents of an innate immune system, including phagocytes andcertain protective proteins. What are some general features of innateimmunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?The function of Th lymphocytes at the immunological synapse is to __________. View Available Hint(s) for Part A strengthen the synapse eliminate the synapse limit the synapse remember the synapseSome Type-II immunopathology mediated autoimmune diseases have manifestations inmultiple different organs. Discuss how antibodies to one single antigen can cause damage inmultiple sites throughout the body. Things you might discuss include, but are not limited towhere the antigen could be expressed, how antibodies are made, how they bind antigen,where they circulate, the ratios of antigen to antibody, mechanisms of the immune systemthat result in cellular/tissue damage, or how immune system components can affect otherorgans. You might also comment on what makes one antigen an attractive target rather thananother. Please do NOT comment on all the things listed above, they are just to get youthinking. If you are having trouble getting started, it might help to think about a specificdisease which affects multiple organs.
- Circulation in blood Immunocompetent, but still naive, lymphocyte migrates via blood A B C D E B D Immature lymphocytes D B [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]When a naïve or memory T orB cell is activated by antigen andco-stimulatory signals, how does itdecide whether to become an effectorcell or memory cell? Are there cellsthat are pre-committed to becomingeither effector or memory cells, forexample, or is the decision determinedsolely by extracellular signals?B C E FL 1 G H B [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] B C
- High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs to protect these areasfrom invading microbes, but cannot respond as strongly to the normal microflorawithout causing problems. What are somepossible ways that immune cells coulddistinguish “good” from “bad” bacteria?Explain mechanism of action for inflammation responce when inter pathogin insid bodycella which wnsuld trigger If an antigen piesenting cel is presenting antigens fram an extracellular colonizer. you would expect to see more development of Oa Tu1 cel-mediated OET1 humoral Oc T2, humcral Od. T2, colmediated QUESTION 27 Which type of vaccine typically ptaduces the longest immunity sgainist a toxin? Oa toxoid Ob attenuated OG subunit Od.conjugated QUESTION 28 Which of the following is NOT a job far a TH1 cell? O a. Stimulate cytotaxic T cells Ob Simu ate natural killer cells to kill more effectively. Oc. StimulateB cell activation Od. Stimulate macrophages and neutrophits to mare effective at killing intracellutar pathogenn