Regulation of enzyme activity 1. Allosteric control 2. Covalent modification (on/off switch) 3. Proteolytic cleavage 4. Isoenzymes 5. Genetic control (transcription regulation) (enzyme level) How do these types of regulation impact the biochemical processes they regulate?
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- Define the following terms:a. proproteinb. preproproteinc. disulfide exchanged. proline hydroxylatione. proteolytic cleavageWhich of the following is true of nuclear regulatory effects, as compared to cytosolic regulatory effects? they begin faster, they have a longer duration of effect they have a shorter duration of effect they are the same. it's not known14) Which of the following correctly ranks the steps in the secretory pathway? 1. Active PKA subunits phosphorylate targets in the cell, regulating function. 2. The catalytic subunits of PKA dissociate. 3. Gprotein a subunit exchanges bound GDP for GTP. 4. CAMP binds to the regulatory subunits of PKA, activating it. 5. Ga subunit dissociates from complex and activates adenylate cyclase. 6. Ligand (hormone) binds to receptor. 7. Activated adenylate cyclase produces CAMP from ATP.
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling Explain in detail each step in figure 8.53. Make sure to include an explanation of the proteolytic and phosphorylation cascades.Tab. 6. Mechanisms of intracellular accumulation of substances (Intracellular Accumulations or parenchymal dystrophies) 1. Normal cell Protein mutation Complex substrate Soluble products Enzyme Abnormal metabolism Defect in protein folding, transport -X-> Lack of enzyme Fatty liver 4 Ingestion of indigestible materials Accumulation of abnormal proteins Complex substrate Lysosomal storage disease: accumulation of endogenous materials Accumulation of exogenous materials 12. 3. 4.Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all. Submit dCTP GMP AMP GTP dTTP activation inhibition dGTP My Answers Give Up UTP + Gln + ATP → CTP + Glu+ ADP + P₁. Cofactor: dCMP + H₂O →→→→DUMP + NH3. Cofactor: CDP+ [2H] → dCDP+ H₂O. Cofactor: Effect: Effect: Effect: Reset Help
- Which of the following five processes are points of regulation for controlling enzyme-mediated reactions? Select 5 correct answer(s) Dihydrolipidation of arginine Disulfide bond acetylation Protein targeting RNA processing Cytosine methylation Proteolytic processing Protein degradationAutophagy is an évolutionary conserved catabolic process devoted to the degradation of intracellular components. Which of the following would you observe during autophagy? Select all that apply MTOR inhibition through phosphorylation and activation of TSC proteins MTOR activation and phosphorylation of downstream target proteins Increased expression of Rab7 which mediates lysosomal fusion Acute inflammatory responseDefine the following terms: a. proteolytic cleavage b. proproteins c. preproproteins d. hydroxylation e. phosphorylation
- 3. Suggest a role for ActA in addition to Arp2/3 complex mediated actin polymerization. Extend the watermelon seed analogy used in the lecture. Compare wild-type Listeria with the ActA mutant. If the watermelon seed is Listeria and your fingers are a comet tail, what would the outcome be when squeezing your fingers when using wild-type Listeria, what would you expect when using the mutant? Answer Here: One role for ActA in addition to Arp2/3 complex mediationHuman cells are highly resistant to transformation. Experiments have shown that 5 regulatory circuits (pathways) have to be altered before human cells can grow as tumor cells in immunocompromised mice. State each of these circuits. Explain how the alteration of the protein of that particular circuit leads to uncontrolled growth.39. Which ONE of the following action would be most selectively toxic against bacterial cell? Group of answer choices inhibiting DNA replication preventing cell wall synthesis interrupting peptidyl transferase functions targeting codon : anticodon interaction disturbing cell membrane integrity 40. Identify the TRUE statement from the following, Group of answer choices superantigens are made by our body’s cell superantigens inhbits cytokines release Bacillus anthracis secreted toxin is a superantigen Staphylococcus toxic shock syndrome toxin is a superantigen superantigens activates B cells of defense system
