Reading frame Frameshift Initiation factors Elongation factors Release factors E ||| Proteins that bind to a nonsense codon on mRNA and halt translation. Tagging defective proteins with 3 or more ubiquitins will target it for destruction. Destroys defective proteins that have been polyubiquitinated. A reversion of a mutant back to wild type function. A mutation such as an indel that shifts the triplet reading frame to a different series of nucleotides altering every downstream codon from that point onward. Ope

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Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.