Read the case studies part abc provided and answer all of the questions Case StudiesCASE STUDY 2-1: QUALITY ASSURANCE INA COW LABORATORYThe Cow laboratory in a large internal medicine grouppractice performed over 50 waived tests a day. The medicalassistants and the phlebotomists who performed the waivedtesting were all trained on the job. It was obvious from theinconsistent results recorded on the cumulative report thateveryone's technique differed somewhat. When notificationcame from CLIA that they would be visiting the site withinthe next month, the lead physician decided that a QA pro-cess had to be put into place. The laboratory staff were directedto the CLIA website for instructions on waived testing standardization in the form of GLPs issued by CLIAC.Questions1. What are CLIA and CLIAC?2. Why is CLIA visiting their site?3. What are the GLPs, and what makes them valuable instandardizing the waived testing process?4. What are other examples of QC components that could beput in place in this laboratory setting?CASE STUDY 2-2: BLOOD DRAW FAILSDELTA CHECKIt was a busy day in the hospital laboratory since two phle-botomists were out for medical reasons. An order came fromthe fourth floor for a timed draw. A phlebotomist from a tem-porary agency, who was supposed to have gotten off 2 hoursearlier, was still there. No one else was there to collect thespecimen. Knowing how important it was, the temp decidedto go ahead and collect it. The patient was seated in a chairbetween the beds. The phlebotomist asked the patient forhis last name and bed number. When the seated patientanswered with the right last name and pointed to the cor-rect bed, the phlebotomist proceeded to collect the specimenwhile the patient sat in the chair. The phlebotomist labeledthe specimen tubes at the nursing station while noting thedraw on the desk clipboard. When a second specimen wasdrawn from the patient later that morning, it failed the deltacheck. The second specimen was recollected, and the resultsshowed the specimen that was drawn by the temporary phle-botomist had been drawn in error.Questions1. What is a delta check?2. What do you see that could have caused this discrepancy?3. What should the phlebotomist have done differently?4. What were the phlebotomist's obligations to the laboratoryafter the assigned shift was over?5. If the patient was injured as a result of the phlebotomist'saction, what would it be called in legal terms?6. Who is ultimately responsible for the temporaryphlebotomist's actions while at work?CASE STUDY 2-3: NERVE INJURYA phlebotomist prepares to draw three tubes of blood from anoutpatient. The only vein that is visible is the basilic vein on theright arm. The phlebotomist was taught that the basilic vein isthe last choice for venipuncture because it is hard to anchorand a major nerve and artery lie close to it. However, the vein isso large the phlebotomist decides that it can be drawn withouta problem. When the needle is inserted, sure enough, the veinrolls and the needle slips beside the vein. The patient cries outin pain, and jerks that arm. The needle goes even deeper, butblood begins to flow into the tube, so the phlebotomist contin-ues the draw. The patient says it is hurting and to pull the nee-dle out, but the tubes are filling quickly, so the phlebotomistcontinues to fill all three before ending the draw. The patient isstill in pain and the arm begins to swell in the area of the draw.The phlebotomist quickly wraps a pressure bandage aroundthe arm and dismisses the patient. The patient is later diag-nosed with permanent nerve injury and sues the clinic.Questions1. Can the phlebotomist be held liable for the patient'sinjury?2. What tort might be involved in this case?3. Do you think the standard of care was breached? Why orwhy not?

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In these case studies, we explore the critical aspects of quality assurance and ethical conduct…