Question Seven (7) a) With the aid of a sketch of a phase diagram, explain how and under what conditions can water exist in three (3) different states i.e. gas, liquid and solid.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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Please Answer the all of part 7
Question Seven (7)
a) With the aid of a sketch of a phase diagram, explain how and under what conditions can
water exist in three (3) different states i.e. gas, liquid and solid.
b) It is widely known that, pure metallic materials are characterised by limited properties.
As such, to improve these properties certain engineering processes, such as alloying and
heat treatments, are normally conducted. Based on Figure 7.1 which shows variations in
mechanical properties with respect to the Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) composition
variations for a Cu-Ni alloy, answer the following questions
What are the Tensile strengths and ductilities for the two constituent elements,
Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni)?
i.
i.
If alloying nickel (Ni) into copper (Cu) was exclusively for tensile strength
improvement, estimate the optimum composition, and give your reasons.
Based on the Ductility against Composition plot, what do you think is the reason
for alloying nickel (Ni) into copper (Cu), and give your reasons.
Illustrate the difference in tensile strengths between Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) in
terms of sketches of the bonding energy (Eo) vs interatomic separation (r) plots
iii.
v.
400
50
40
300
200
20 40 0 80 00
Cu
Ni
Composition, wt.% Ni
Composition, wt%N
Figure 7.1: Property variation with respect to the Cu-Ni composition variation
Tensile Strength (MPa)
Ductility (%EL)
Transcribed Image Text:Question Seven (7) a) With the aid of a sketch of a phase diagram, explain how and under what conditions can water exist in three (3) different states i.e. gas, liquid and solid. b) It is widely known that, pure metallic materials are characterised by limited properties. As such, to improve these properties certain engineering processes, such as alloying and heat treatments, are normally conducted. Based on Figure 7.1 which shows variations in mechanical properties with respect to the Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) composition variations for a Cu-Ni alloy, answer the following questions What are the Tensile strengths and ductilities for the two constituent elements, Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni)? i. i. If alloying nickel (Ni) into copper (Cu) was exclusively for tensile strength improvement, estimate the optimum composition, and give your reasons. Based on the Ductility against Composition plot, what do you think is the reason for alloying nickel (Ni) into copper (Cu), and give your reasons. Illustrate the difference in tensile strengths between Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) in terms of sketches of the bonding energy (Eo) vs interatomic separation (r) plots iii. v. 400 50 40 300 200 20 40 0 80 00 Cu Ni Composition, wt.% Ni Composition, wt%N Figure 7.1: Property variation with respect to the Cu-Ni composition variation Tensile Strength (MPa) Ductility (%EL)
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