Question 6: Find the required length of a 5 cm-diameter tube to heat water from an inlet temperature of 30 °C to an outlet temperature of 100 °C using either: a) Constant temperature of 200 °C, or b) Constant heat flux of 10,000 W/m?. The mass flow rate of the water is 0.5 kg/s, its thermal conductivity is 0.04 W/m.K and its specific heat is 4190 kJ/kg.K. Assume a fully-developed flow.
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- Refrigerationa.) Explain why you can’t cool down your kitchen by leaving your refrigerator or freezer door open with your refrigerator plugged in for an extended period of time.b.) The condenser of a home refrigerator is commonly underneath the appliance, thus the condensing refrigerant exchanges heat with household air, which averages 70oF. It is proposed toreconfigure a refrigerator so that the condenser is in the garage, where the average yearly temperature is about 50oF. Assume a freezer temperature of 0oF, a minimum temperature difference of 10K for heat transfer, and an actual coefficient of performance of 60% that of a Carnot cycle. Calculate the Coefficient of Performance for both configurations and discuss the pros and cons of this proposal.c.) Which is the most effective way to increase the coefficient of performance of a Carnot refrigerator: to increase TC with TH held constant or to decrease TH with TC held constant? Justify mathematically. For a real refrigerator, do…Q2 : Room walls are composed of common bricks and outside and inside plaster layers with an overall heat transfer coefficient of 2.5 W / m² ° C . The outside air temperature is 15 ° C ( DBT ) and the inside design conditions are 23 ° C DBT , 55 % RH . Is condensation occur on the inside surface or not ? Take f = 8.26 W / m² ° C . SHIThermodynamics (Carnot Cycle) An Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plant produces 25000 kW of ouput using warm surface water temperature of 29°C and a cold deep-water temperature of 12°C. Assume it is a carnot cycle and density of cold water to be 1000 kg/m3.If the temperature of the sink is maintained and the efficiency is doubled, what is the new temperature of the hot source? Options: a. 38.16% b. 48.16% c. 58.00% d. 32.09% e. None of the above
- The condensing pressure for a Rankine engine is 0.001325 MPavac. Calculate the following for steam flow rate = 1 kg/sec of steam when the steam at the beginning of expansion is at 119.6 deg SH and 4.0 Mpaa. Draw the TS and equipment diagrams for the ideal and actual case and find for the following for the ideal case: Pump work in KW. Ans. Ideal heat rate in KJ/KW-hr. Ans. Rankine engine efficiency (%). Ans. Cycle thermal efficiency ( %). Ans1. 400,000 Ibm/hr of 270°F water is to be heated to 370°F by condensing saturated 390°F steam. (The steam does not sub cool upon condensing). Your job is to design the heat exchanger. The following parameters represent constraint your design. number of tube passes 4 tube fluid water being heated number of shell pass shell fluid steam being cooled U (based on outside tube area) 700 BTU/hr – ft² – °F 1 in tube outside diameter tube wall thickness 1/16 in bulk tube fluid velocity 5 ft/s (a) How many tubes are required per pass? (b) How many tubes are required total? (c) Allowing 3 ft for headers and flanges, how long should the exchanger be?Given • 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-flow shower head.• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet. Energy needed to treat waterAverage energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.Thermal Energy in CoalThe thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.Energy output/fire power plantA typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.CO2 EmissionTaking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal burned. Find 3. How much CO2 we can reduce?
- Given • 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-flow shower head.• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet. Energy needed to treat waterAverage energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.Thermal Energy in CoalThe thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.Energy output/fire power plantA typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.CO2 EmissionTaking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal burned. Find 2. How much coal (Kg) we can save?Given • 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-flow shower head.• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet. Energy needed to treat waterAverage energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.Thermal Energy in CoalThe thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.Energy output/fire power plantA typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.CO2 EmissionTaking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal burned. Find 4. How many African children (1 liter/kid/day) we can support?Given• 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-flow shower head.• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet. Energy needed to treat waterAverage energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.Thermal Energy in CoalThe thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.Energy output/fire power plantA typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.CO2 EmissionTaking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal burned. Find1. How much energy we can save?
- Re(Local)=5.05*10^6. Use Example 2B.2 as reference. Find out the total convective heat transfer rate from the board in Example 2B.2 (solve the bolded part)2-) 10500 kg/hr of water is heated using a counter-flow, double-pipe heat exchanger utilizing superheated steam. Steam passes through the heat exchanger at 130 °C after entering at 180 °C. Water has an entrance temperature of 30 °C and an outlet temperature of 80 °C. Calculate the heat transfer area if the overall heat transfer coefficient from steam to water is 814 W/m² K. How much more area would there be if the fluid flow was parallel?A large heat pump cools the river with a temperature of 223.15 K and flow of 10 m³/s by 3.0 K. The received heat is transferred to the hot water system with a temperature of 313.15 K. a) How much heat power does it gain in this way? (The solution is 126 MW) b) For how many inhabitants does the heating system suffice if each inhabitant needs 500 W of power for heating? (The solution is 250 000) c) How much electrical power does the pump need if the total losses are twice as large as for the equivalent Carnot machine? (The solution is 23 MW)