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- What is the difference between economies of scale andeconomies of scope? How do firms consider these wheninvesting in processes?Given the input-output matrix below, find the output matrix if final demand changes to 600 for water, 180 for electric power, and 700 for agriculture. Industry Electric Power Water 120 Agriculture Final Demand 240 320 160 Water 480 270 Electric Power Agriculture Other Industry: 60 120 170 400 180 240 240 360 80 The output matrix is X=. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)Problem 5 The production function of COVID vaccines for firm O is given by v° = VKL. and requires at least one unit of labor L and one unit of capital K, i.e. L>1 und K > 1. a) After a year and some thorough research, the production function changes to VO = V4KL. (I) Compute the marginal products with respect to labor L and capital K for both production functions ! (II) Which company's the marginal products is/are larger ? What happened to the original level of production after a year ? (III) Do the production functions exhibit increasing, constant or decreasing returns to scale ? b) Suppose now, we compare production functions of company O that discovered the vaccine to a second company M. The production function of M is given by VM = K0.6 L0.4 (I) Compute the marginal products with respect to labor L and capital K for this pro- duction function ! (II) If both companies used the same equal amount of labor L and capital K, which of them will generate more output ? (III) If the…
- A company manufactures two products, X and Y, and the joint-cost function of these products is given by c=x+4y where c is the total cost of producing v units of X and y units of Y Determine the marginal cost with respect to y when x=36 and y=16 b. The production function for a company's product is O-20, where is the output that results from /units of labor and & units of capital. The unit cost of labor and capital are $225 and $150, respectively. The company wants the total cost of puts to be $270,000 Find the number of units of capital and labor that maximize productionConsider the input output table below Table (Inter) final Total (Agric) (Manuf) (Mining)demand (Inter) Agric 106 47 180 898 1231 Manuf 75 32 80 1167 1354 Mining 31 115 100 977 1223 PrimaryLabour 949 760 363 Capital 70 400 500 where: (Agric = Agriculture),( Manuf = Manufacturing),(Inter = !3! %3D Intermediate) A. Calculate the input coefficients and fill in the appropriate spaces in the table below. Use four (4) decimal places. Agric (Manuf) (Mining) Agric Manuf Mining Labour Capital10. Extension of the Cobb-Douglas Production Function-The Cobb-Douglas produc- tion function (Equation 7.16) can be shown to be a special case of a larger class of linear homogeneous production functions having the following mathematical form:" Q = y[@K* + (1 – a)L°]W/P where y is an efficiency parameter that shows the output resulting from given quantities of inputs; a is a distribution parameter (0 sas 1) that indicates the division of factor income between capital and labor; p is a substitution parameter that is a measure of substitutability of capital for labor (or vice versa) in the pro- duction process; and v is a scale parameter (v > 0) that indicates the type of re- turns to scale (increasing, constant, or decreasing). Show that when v = 1, this function exhibits constant returns to scale. [Hint: Increase capital K and labor L each by a factor of A, or K* = (A)K and L* = (1)L, and show that output Q also increases by a factor of A, or Q* = (A)(Q).]
- 2) The general Cobb-Douglas production function for two inputs is given by: q = f (k, l) = AKªL® where 0 0, f¡ > 0, frk 0. b.) Show that = a and ɛg,i Eq,k B (Note that ɛ's are elasticities). || C.) Show that, for this Cobb-Douglas function, production is CRS if a + ß = 1.Show that the Cobb-Douglas Production Function ?(?, ?) = ??^??^? with α+ β=1 satisfies Euler’s Theorem.(04.Suppose we are given (he constant returns to scale (CES) production function q= { ßa + aa }1/a a. Show that the marginal product of Beta is (g/B) and marginal product of Alpha (q/a)** b. Show that RTS = (2/B); I lence or otherwise shov that the ò =-1/(1-a) 1-a
- Derive formulae for the marginal products of the three inputs in the produc- tion function Q = 40K03L0.3R04. %DThe Acme Anvil Company's output is given by the Cobb-Douglas Production function P = 60L2/3 K1/3, where P is the number of anvils produced when Lis the amount spent on labor and K is the amount spent on capital. a. What is the production if L = 150 and K = 150? b. Find the marginal productivities. C. Evaluate the marginal productivities with L = 150 and K = 150. d. Interpret the meanings of the marginal productivities found in part c. e. If their budget is $300 then there is a constraint L+ K = 300. Use Lagrange multipliers (2) to find the values of L and K that will maximize production and find the maximum production f. Find 2. 12| is called the marginal productivity of money and will give the number additional units produced for each dollar increase in the budget. Interpret 2 for this problem. MacBook Pro urses/34419/files/5014304?wrap=14:34 D *3 all 100% I 2. 3 When the inputs price ratio (slope of cost line) is greater than the MRTS, (MPK/PK > MPL/PL) the producer should use .. to minimize the cost. A More labar C Mare labor and more capital B More Capital D| None of the above 4 The optimal production method A maximizes output regardiess of cost C minimizes the normal rate of return B| maximizes inputs. Dminimizes cost 5. Refer to the information provided in the following figure, If this firm's cost of labor is $10 per unit, and the isocost line represents a total cost 2000. How much is the cost of capital per unit? 100 q-300 -200 -100 200 Units of labor Linits of capital