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- The BOD is the measure of what type of pollutant in water? Describe how to do a OBD on water sample. A sample of water that you took from a lake that you visited on vacation gave a BOD measurement of 6 mg/L. Is the lake polluted? If so, what type of pollutant is present?A sewage disposal plant has a big concrete holding tank of 800 m3 capacity. It is half full of liquid to start with and contains 25,000 kg of organic material suspended in water. Water runs into the holding tank at the rate of 125 m3/hr and the solution leaves at the rate of 100 m3/hr. How much organic material is in the tank at the end of 5 hr?Explain and relate (as far as you can and to the best of your knowledge) if the turbidity data you get is the initial value of the turbidity of the water, how should the water be treated in the coagulation, flocculation, and precipitation according to the diagram on the side? Primary Secondary Chlorine disinfection tank Bar screen Grit chamber Settling tank Aeration tank Settling tank To river, lake, or ocean Raw sewage Sludge Activated sludge (kills bacteria) from sewers Air pump Sludge digester Disposed of in landfill or ocean or applied to cropland, pasture, or rangeland Sludge drying bed Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning
- Question 3: As a design engineer, you have been hired to address water hardness problems in the town of St. George, Ontario. You suggest a RO water softening system that will be used in homes to treat the drinking water (Water hardness = 382 mg CaCO3/L). Due to fluctuations in hardness levels, you decide to design for a conservative average influent concentration of 450 mg CaCO3/L and a daily flow of 1480 L/d. The RO system removes all influent hardness, and the concentrate stream has a flow of 80 L/d. The bypass stream is to be used to create an Outlet concentration of 40 mg CaCO3/L. Assume dilute streams and determine the: a) Flowrate of the effluent (Qout), b) The bypass flow rate (Qbypass) and concentration (Cbypass) c) The flowrate and hardness of the water that enter and exit the reverse osmosis softener (QROi, CROi, QROeff, CROeff ). d) The concentration of hardness in the concentrate stream (Cconcentrate).The EPA regulates water in the US supply and sets standards for drinking water. The water standards are enforceable under the Safe Drinking Water Act. These take into account the available technology and cost and are expressed as MCLs. The standards are more stringent and are expressed as Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or One inorganic chemical that is a water pollutant is . It causes nerve damage or are organic thyroid problems. compounds that can cause immune deficiencies, reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and increased risk of cancer. In addition to regulating inorganic and organic chemicals, radionuclides, disinfectants/disinfection byproducts, the EPA also regulates legionella, etc. including giardia, Drinking Water Treatment After debris removal and coagulation, the next step in the water treatment process is The water is then pumped through a settling tank and filtered. The settling tank, also called the , can be rectangular or The clarifier is designed in a way that…What are sources, sinks, and environmental factors affecting Dissolved Oxygen in bodies of water?
- A groundwater source is contaminated by Chemical X at a concentration of 32 μg/L. You are hired as an environmental engineer to decrease that concentration to 4 μg/L by adding activated carbon. According to the literature, the Freundlich isotherm coefficients for activated carbon are Kp = 0.08 and n = 2.6 for concentrations in mg/L. Calculate the mass of activated carbon (in mg) needed for 9 L of water.A city measured the concentration of aerobic spores in its raw and finished water. The city data are as follows: Concentration (per litre) Day of week Raw Sunday 300000 Monday 150000 Tuesday 160000 Wednesday 170000 Thursday 140000 Friday 120000 Saturday Finished 25 22 22 15 18 20 180000 20 Referring to given data, and water being subjected to disinfection, which of the following statements are true? A Log removal (LR) is 4.08 B Percent removal of the microbes is 99.99% D C Log removal (LR) is 3.93 Percent removal of the microbes is 95.99% Correct Option Correct Option[3] Estimate the total daily water withdrawal (m³/d) for all uses for the Unites States in 2000, knowing: ● Total population in 2000: 281,421,906 Daily water withdrawal per capita (Lpcd) in 2000: 5,400 Lpcd [4] 7.5 ppb = mg/L = μg/L= ppm
- A wastewater treatment plant discharges its effluent into a river at time 0 days as shown in the figure below.a) What is the initial DO deficit? Show your work.b) What is the critical DO concentration and the critical time?c) If the DO concentration of the river was at saturation before the effluent was discharged into it, and the DO concentration in the river after mixing is 8.0 mg/L as shown in the figure, what was the DO concentration of the wastewater treatment plant effluent. The flowrate of the river is 80 cfs downstream of the mixing point, and the flowrate of the effluent dischargeManaging water for the environment, or environmental flows, is considered important in maintaining various ecosystem services and functions. Ecosystem health is impaired by the hydrologic alteration and regulation of river flows for various human needs. How is the environment affected by water use in (a) agriculture (b) urban water use (c) hydropower and (d) industries? Explain in brief.Q1.Clearly indicate if each of the following is True or False 1) The amount of bypassed water in split treatment of hardness depends on material balance on Mg². 2) Most water treatment plants in Iraq are using polymers as a coagulant. 3) In drinking water, most of alkalinity comes from SO4². 4) Circle or ring system is the most common method used now to design water distribution systems. 5) Fecal Coliforms and E-Coli are generally pathogenic and we need to test them to avoid their diseases. 6) In flocculation process, we need rapid mixing to enhance formation of flocs for better settlement. 7) In filtration, the only mechanism involved is the straining. 8) It is better to travel downhill, avoid rush hours, and avoid left turn when designing a route for packers. 9) Ozone in Stratosphere layer helps prevent UV light from reaching earth and causing skin problems. 10) Transfer station is used to transfer solid waste to final destination in more efficient way.