Q1. Cooling water available at 10°C is used to condense steam at 30°C in the condenser of a power plant at a rate of 0.15 kg/s by circulating the cooling water through a bank of 5-m- long 1.2-cm-internal-diameter thin copper tubes. Water enters the tubes at a mean velocity of 4 m/s and leaves at a temperature of 24°C. The tubes are nearly isothermal at 30°C. Determine the average heat transfer coefficient between the water, the tubes, and the number of tubes needed to achieve the indicated heat transfer rate in the condenser.
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- Q1. Cooling water available at 10°C is used to condense steam at 30°C in the condenser of a power plant at a rate of 0.15 kg/s by circulating the cooling water through a bank of 5-m- long 1.2-cm-internal-diameter thin copper tubes. Water enters the tubes at a mean velocity of 4 m/s and leaves at a temperature of 24°C. The tubes are nearly isothermal at 30°C. Determine the average heat transfer coefficient between the water, the tubes, and the number of tubes needed to achieve the indicated heat transfer rate in the condenser. Q2. A concentric annulus tube has inner and outer diameters of 25 mm and 100 mm, respectively. Liquid water flows at a mass flow rate of 0.05 kg/s through the annulus with the inlet and outlet mean temperatures of 20°C and 80°C, respectively. The inner tube wall is maintained with a constant surface temperature of 120°C, while the outer tube surface is insulated. Determine the length of the concentric annulus tube. Assume flow is fully developed. T Insulation…A condenser consists of several tubes. The outer diameter of each tube is 2 cm, and the thickness is 2 mm. It is designed to condense saturated steam that enters the condenser at the mass flow rate of 100 kg/s. The steam pressure is 10 kPa. There is 10% moisture in saturated steam. The inlet temperature of cooling water is 20°C, and the outlet temperature is 40°C. Water velocity 2 m/s. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on outer surface area is 3.5 3. kW/m2.K. The heat capacity of water is 4.2 kJ/kg.K. Water density is 1000 kg/m'. Find the number of tubes and the length of each tube.Design a hydrocooling unit that can cool fruits and vegetables from 30°C to 5°C at a rate of 20,000 kg/h under the following conditions: The unit will be of flood type that will cool the products as they are conveyed into the channel filled with water. The products will be dropped into the channel filled with water at one end and picked up at the other end. The channel can be as wide as 3 m and as high as 90 cm. The water is to be circulated and cooled by the evaporator section of a refrigeration system. The refrigerant temperature inside the coils is to be -2°C, and the water temperature is not to drop below 1°C and not to exceed 6°C. Assuming reasonable values for the average product density, specific heat, and porosity (the fraction of air volume in a box), recommend reasonable values for the quantities related to the thermal aspects of the hydrocooler, including (a) how long the fruits and vegetables need to remain in the channel, (b) the length of the channel, (c) the water…
- a saturated steam is to be condensed at temperature of 50 °C to produce a saturated water. The cooling water is drawn from a nearby river and enters the tubes of the condenser at 18 °C and leaves it at 37 °C. The tubes of the condenser are thin of a diameter 15 mm and 5 m long and their number is 773 tubes. Determine the efficiency of the condenser, cooling water flow rate (kg/s), and steam flow rate (kg/s) considering the following date: , (water side) = 5000W I m².K ;h. = (steam side) = 60000 W / m².K ;R, =R,, =0.0001 m:CIW Answer (59.37%,115.576kg/s,3.87 kg/s). %3DConsider the flow of saturated steam at 270.1 kPa that flows through the shell side of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger while the water flows through 4 tubes of diameter 1.25 cm at a rate of 0.25 kg/s through each tube. The water enters the tubes of heat exchanger at 20°C and exits at 60°C. Due to the heat exchange with the cold fluid, steam is condensed on the tubes external surface. The convection heat transfer coefficient on the steam side is 1500 W/m2·K, while the fouling resistance for the steam and water may be taken as 0.00015 and 0.0001 m2·K/W, respectively. Using the NTU method, determine (a) effectiveness of the heat exchanger, (b) length of the tube, and (c) rate of steam condensation.Steam enters the condenser of a steam power plant at a flow rate of 18000 kg/h, a degree of dryness of 0.86 and a pressure of 15 kPa, leaving the condenser as a saturated liquid at the same pressure.A nearby river water is used for the cooling of the condenser.Calculate the water flow rate of the cooler if the water of the river can be heated up to 10°C in order to avoid thermal pollution. (Cp,su=4,18 kj/kgK) (Note: the potential energy change is negligible.)
- SOLVE THE PROBLEM AND SHOW THE DETAILED SOLUTION A steam condenser receives 10 kg per second of steam with an enthalpy of 2,570-kJ/kg. The steam condenses into liquid and leaves with an enthalpy of 160kJ/kg. Cooling water passes through the condenser with temperature increases from 13 to 24 Calculate the cooling water flow rate in kg/s.Steam is to be condensed on the shell side of a 1-shellpass and 8-tube-passes condenser, with 50 tubes in each pass,at 308C (hfg 5 2431 kJ/kg). Cooling water (cp 5 4180 J/kg?K)enters the tubes at 158C at a rate of 1800 kg/h. The tubes arethin-walled, and have a diameter of 1.5 cm and length of 2 mper pass. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 3000 W/m2?K,determine (a) the rate of heat transfer and (b) the rate of condensation of steam.In a once-through boiler, feed water enters through the bottom of tubes, receives heat from combustion of coal, and escapes from the top of the tubes as superheated steam, calculate the heat transfer coefficients of water and superheated steam using the following data: Pressure of feed water at tube inlet = 22.0 MPa Absolute temperature of feed water, Tf =523 K Pressure of superheated steam at tube outlet = 22.5 MPa %3D Absolute Temperature of superheated steam, Tg = 868 K Velocity of Feed water through each tube. Vf = 8 m/s Internal diameter of each tube = 53.5 mm %3D Length of pipe = 120m Use, Density of water = 818.25 kg/m3 Density of steam = 63.34 kg/m3 %3D
- Consider a flow of water in a cylinder maintained at constant temperature of 100° C, the diameter of the cylinder is 50 mm and the length of the tube is 6 m. The inlet and the outlet temperature of the water is T, = 15° C and T, =57°C. Find the average heat transfer coefficient associated with the flow of water. Mass flow rate is 0.25 kg/s and c, = 4.178 kJ/kg·K. C (A)850 W/m² - K (B 650 W/m2 .K (C)755 W/m? · K (D) 725 W/m².KA heat exchanger is being used to transfer heat between water and a benzene. The benzene enters the heat exchanger at 1.2 m3/h with a temperature of 90 C. The water enters the heat exchanger at 1 m3/h at a temperature of 15°C. The UA product of the heat exchanger is found to be 2800 kJ/h-°K. . Determine (a) the outlet temperature of water and benzene (b) the heat transfer rate between the fluids for a counter-flow heat exchanger.A double pass water-cooled shell-and-tube type condenser has a total number of tubes equal to 42. The tubes are of 14 mm inside diameter, 16 mm outside diameter and 4 m length. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 3510 kJ/hr-m2 -°C. Cooling water enters the condenser at 25°C at a velocity of 1.5 m/s and leaves with a temperature rise of 6.5°C. (a) Calculate the outside heating surface area of the tubes in m2 ; (b) Determine the mass flow rate of water in kg/s and the volumetric flow rate in L/s (using an average density of 996.5 kg/m3 ); (c) Estimate the condensing temperature of the refrigerant; (d) If the ammonia refrigerant enters and leaves the condenser at saturation conditions, compute the mass flow rate of the refrigerant and the condenser pressure in kPa.