Q1-(2.4-4, Holland): A fluid of density (p) and dynamic viscosity (µ) flows in s.s in a cylindrical pipe of inside diameter (d) with mean linear velocity (u). Derive an expression for the pressure gradient APAL in terms of p, u, d & u. By dimensional analysis (Note Lect. No.3).
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- Taylor number (Ta) is used here to describe the ratio between the inertia effect and the viscous effect. By applying Buckingham Pi's Theorem, determine an equation for Ta as a function of the radius of inner cylinder (r), cylinder tangential velocity (v), fluid dynamic viscosity (u), gap distance (L) and fluid density (p). Q4Using II-Theorem method to Express (n) in terms of dimensionless groups.The efficiency (n) of a fan depends upon density (p), and dynamic viscosity (u), of the fluid, angular velocity (@), diameter of the rotator (D), and discharge (Q). Q3/ A petroleum crude oil having a kinematics viscosity 0.0001 m?/s is flowing through the piping arrangement shown in the below Figure,The total mass flow rate is equal 10 kg/s entering in pipe (A) . The flow divides to three pipes ( B, C, D). The steel pipes are schedule 40 pipe. note that the dynamic viscosity 0.088 kg/m.s. Calculate the following using SI units: 1- The type of flow in pipe (A). 2- The mass velocity in pipe (B) GB. 3- The velocity in pipe (D) Up. 4- The Volumetric flow rate in pipe (D) QD. 5- The Volumetric flow rate in pipe (C) Qc. Og = 2o mm Ug = 2UA Perolenm crude oIL A ma = 1o Kg/s O = 5o mm mic = ? Go = 7000 k9/m.s Nate that!- O, = 30 mm. D:0iameter. U:velocity G mass velocity mimass How vateMott ." cometer, which we can analyze later in Chap. 7. A small ball of diameter D and density p, falls through a tube of test liquid (p. µ). The fall velocity V is calculated by the time to fall a measured distance. The formula for calculating the viscosity of the fluid is discusses a simple falling-ball vis- (Po – p)gD² 18 V This result is limited by the requirement that the Reynolds number (pVD/u) be less than 1.0. Suppose a steel ball (SG = 7.87) of diameter 2.2 mm falls in SAE 25W oil (SG = 0.88) at 20°C. The measured fall velocity is 8.4 cm/s. (a) What is the viscosity of the oil, in kg/m-s? (b) Is the Reynolds num- ber small enough for a valid estimate?
- Q1) Under laminar conditions, the volume flow rate Q through a small triangular-section pore of side length (b) and length (L) is a function of viscosity (u), pressure drop per unit length (AP/L), and (b). Using dimensional analysis to rewrite this relation. How does the volume flow changes if the pore size (b) is doubled?- Assume the input power to a pump P (M L T-¹) is depend on Q- Flowrate (L3 T-¹), H-pump head (L), p- fluid density (ML-³) Create a relation by dimensional analysis between the power and other variables by Buckingham Theorem. Assume the input power to a pump P (M L T-¹) is depend on Q- Flowrate (L3 T-¹), H-pump head (L), p- fluid density (ML-³) Create a relation by dimensional analysis between the power and other variables by Rayleigh Method.A liquid of density ? and viscosity ? flows by gravity through a hole of diameter d in the bottom of a tank of diameter DFig. . At the start of the experiment, the liquid surface is at height h above the bottom of the tank, as sketched. The liquid exits the tank as a jet with average velocity V straight down as also sketched. Using dimensional analysis, generate a dimensionless relationship for V as a function of the other parameters in the problem. Identify any established nondimensional parameters that appear in your result. (Hint: There are three length scales in this problem. For consistency, choose h as your length scale.) except for a different dependent parameter, namely, the time required to empty the tank tempty. Generate a dimensionless relationship for tempty as a function of the following independent parameters: hole diameter d, tank diameter D, density ? , viscosity ? , initial liquid surface height h, and gravitational acceleration g.
- The Reynolds transport theorem (RTT) is discussed in Chap. 4 of your textbook. For the general case of a moving and/or deforming control volume, we write the RTT as follows: d pb dV + pbV-ñ dA dt dt dB sys where Vr is the relative velocity, i.e., the velocity of the fluid relative to the control surface. Write the primary dimensions of each additive term in the equation and verify that the equation is dimensionally homogeneous. Show all your work. (Hint: Since B can be any property of the flow-scalar, vector, or even tensor—it can have a variety of dimensions. So, just let the dimensions of B be those of B itself, {B}. Also, b is defined as B per unit mass.)Q1: Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. The boundary layer thickness o grows with distance x down the plate and is also a function of free-stream velocity U, fluid viscosity u, and fluid density p. Find the dimensionless parameters for this problem, being sure to rearrange if neessary to agree with the standard dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics. Answer: Q2: The power input P to a centrifugal pump is assumed to be a function of the volume flow Q, impeller diameter D, rotational rate 2, and the density p and viscosity u of the fluid. Rewrite these variables as a dimensionless relationship. Hint: Take 2, p, and D as repeating variables. P e paD? = f( Answer:Consider laminar flow through a long section of pipe, as in Fig. For laminar flow it turns out that wall roughness is not a relevant parameter unless ? is very large. The volume flow rate V· through the pipe is a function of pipe diameter D, fluid viscosity ? , and axial pressure gradient dP/dx. If pipe diameter is doubled, all else being equal, by what factor will volume flow rate increase? Use dimensional analysis.
- Q.5 A plate 1 mm distance from a fixed plate, is moving at 500 mm/s by a force induces a 2 shear stress of 0.3 kg(f)/m. The kinematic viscosity of the fluid (mass density 1000 kg/ 3. m) flowing between two plates (in Stokes) isis called a cone-plate viscometer A solid cone of angle 2k, base 1, and density p, is rotat- Ing with initial angular velocity my inside a conical.seat, as shown in Fig. of viscosity u. Neglecting air drag, derive an analytical ex- pression for the cone's angular velocity ) if there is no applied tongue. The device in Fig. The angle of the cone is very small, so thiat sin 0 0, and the gap is filled with the test liquid. The torque M to rotate the cone at a rate 1 is measured. Assuming a lin- ear velocity profile in the fluid film, derive an expression for tiuid viscosity u as a tumction of (M, R. S2, 0). The clearance h is filled with nil Bave C co radius a dwit) dt Fluid I manmot 1Inentia Derive an expression for the capillary height change h for a fluid of surface tension Y and contact angle 0 between two vertical parallel plates a distance W apart, as in Fig. . What will li be for water at 20°C if W = 0.5 mm? A thin plate is separated from two fixed plates by very vis- cous liquids…A- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both species