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Provide a table with molecular weights, boiling points, and density values for the starting material and product. Please also list any hazards of these two compounds based on their SDS forms

Provide a table with molecular weights, boiling points, and density values for the starting material and product. Please also list any hazards of these two compounds based on their SDS forms

Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781305080485
Author:John E. McMurry
Publisher:John E. McMurry
Chapter19: Aldehydes And Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Section19.SE: Something Extra
Problem 29VC
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Provide a table with molecular weights, boiling points, and density values for the starting material and product. Please also list any hazards of these two compounds based on their SDS forms

Material

• Balances

• Beaker- 50 mL

• Boiling beads

• Clamps

• Filter paper- 11 cm

• Funnel

• Graduated cylinder- 10 mL and 25 mL

• Round Bottom flask (50 mL)

• Rubber stopper

• Separatory funnel (125 mL)

• Stir hot plate with aluminum heating bath and temperature controller

• Test tube- 2 (12x75mm)

• Thermometer (-10 ◦C -200◦C)

Chemicals and Reagents

• 2% Silver nitrate (AgNO3) in ethanol

• Saturated NaHCO3 soln.

• HCl [12M]

• Saturated NaCl soln.

• 2-methyl-2-propanol

• Sodium sulfate, Na2SO4

 

Introduction Alkyl halides can be prepared from alcohols by reactions with hydrogen halides (HCI, HBr, or HI) via nucleophilic substitution. In this type of reaction, the nucleophile displaces a leaving group from a carbon atom of an organic substrate (here the alcohol once protonated). Both electrons of the new bond to the carbon are provided by the nucleophile while the leaving group departs with both electrons of its bond to the substrate. There are two limiting mechanisms that are most common in describing nucleophilic substitution reactions at sp³ carbon centres : (1) a direct displacement (SN2) process and (2) a process that generates an intermediate carbocation (SN1). Which mechanism is a better description depends on the structure of the molecule containing the leaving group, the nature of the leaving group, the size of the nucleophile, and the polarity of the solvent. This experiment is a near-perfect example of an SN1 substitution. H3C CI OH H3C HCI наохо + X H₂O (Equation 1) + H3C H3C CH3 CH3 In this reaction, you will prepare 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl chloride) from 2- methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) using HCl as the strong acid and chloride source. Note that HCI first activates the alcohol in an acid/base reaction before the SN1 reaction proceeds. The final product is characterized by its yield, boiling point, and density. The presence of a halide atom is confirmed with a silver nitrate test.
Transcribed Image Text:Introduction Alkyl halides can be prepared from alcohols by reactions with hydrogen halides (HCI, HBr, or HI) via nucleophilic substitution. In this type of reaction, the nucleophile displaces a leaving group from a carbon atom of an organic substrate (here the alcohol once protonated). Both electrons of the new bond to the carbon are provided by the nucleophile while the leaving group departs with both electrons of its bond to the substrate. There are two limiting mechanisms that are most common in describing nucleophilic substitution reactions at sp³ carbon centres : (1) a direct displacement (SN2) process and (2) a process that generates an intermediate carbocation (SN1). Which mechanism is a better description depends on the structure of the molecule containing the leaving group, the nature of the leaving group, the size of the nucleophile, and the polarity of the solvent. This experiment is a near-perfect example of an SN1 substitution. H3C CI OH H3C HCI наохо + X H₂O (Equation 1) + H3C H3C CH3 CH3 In this reaction, you will prepare 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl chloride) from 2- methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) using HCl as the strong acid and chloride source. Note that HCI first activates the alcohol in an acid/base reaction before the SN1 reaction proceeds. The final product is characterized by its yield, boiling point, and density. The presence of a halide atom is confirmed with a silver nitrate test.
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