Provide a brief explanation of one specific application on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Incorporate the specific application name (e.g., Detection and Quantification of Mycotoxins), provide aconcise overview of sample preparation methods, outline instrumental parameters and conditions utilized, and summarize the outcomes and findings achieved through this analytical approach.

Explain the following terms used in chromatography i) Dead time ii) Number of theoretical plates Describe the sample properties that would be suitable for; i) Gas chromatography (GC) analysis ii) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis

Module Code & Title: CHM9011M Chromatography and Sep Sciences Section 1: Purpose Clarity of Purpose ): Clearly states the purpose of the SOP. Relevance to Task : Demonstrates the importance and relevance of the procedure. Alignment with Goals ): Shows how the procedure aligns with organisational goals.

(a) Which of the following parts in a gas chromatography (GC) system is/are heated up during operation – injector; column; detector?                      (b) Name ONE type of GC detector. Briefly comment on its advantage and limitation.                                                                                                                    (c) Why is chemical derivatization needed for GC?

The following statements are true for any chromatographic analysis except: The analyte component interacting most strongly with the stationary phase elute faster than those with weaker interactions. On the other hand, those with least interaction with the mobile phase elute the slowest. Interactions between mobile phase-analyte - stationary phase can be both chemical and physical in nature. Chromatography is a separation technique. XPS can be used for the following analyses except-* Contamination in the surface or the bulk of the sample Functional group of the sample Binding energy of electronic states Thickness of materials Density of electronic states A technique used in observing trace elements, isotopes and atomic monolayers based on the secondary ions that are ejected from the sample. XRD AFM SEM SIMS ELLIPSOMETRY XPS NLO

It has been noticed that adulteration of palm oil with carcinogenic dyes are on the rise. Use your knowledge in analytical processes to systematically process adultrated palm oil to gain qualitative and quantitative information spectroscopically about any added toxic.Explain also the basis for your protocol of choice

Consider the following method for the analysis of cocaine (MW 303.35) powder. "Dissolve about 600 mg of cocaine, preciously dried and accurately weighed, in 50 mL of glacial acetic acid, add I drop of crystal violet TS, and titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid VS to a green endpoint. Perform a blank determination, and make the necessary correction" Calculate the percentage purity of the cocaine sample from the data below. Show your reasoning clearly and record your final answer to four significant figures. CH₂ ● Cocaine powder weighed = 606.3 mg Concentration of HCIO3=0.09978 M H₂C-N- Volume HCIO3 required for the assay mixture = 19.97 mL ● Volume HCIO; required for blank determination = 0.059'mL

(4) Below are depictions of a student's TLC plates in which fractions 1 - 10 from their column are spotted. Lane 1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 (a) Which fractions contain pure fluorenone? Which contain pure ferrocene? (b) Which lanes, if any, represent mixed fractions? (c) Would the student incorporate lanes 6 and 7 into an Erlenmeyer flask of a combined fraction? Explain with 10 words or less.

Consider the following method for the analysis of cocaine (MW 303.35) powder. "Dissolve about 600 mg of cocaine, preciously dried and accurately weighed, in 50 mL of glacial acetic acid, add 1 drop of crystal violet TS, and titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid VS to a green endpoint. Perform a blank determination, and make the necessary correction" Calculate the percentage purity of the cocaine sample from the data below. Show your reasoning clearly and record your final answer to four significant figures. Cocaine powder weighed = 606,3 mg CH₂ Concentration of HCIO3 = 0.09978 M H₂C-N Volume HCIO3 required for the assay mixture = 19.97 mL Volume HCIO, required for blank determination = 0.059 mL

Researchers used gas chromatography to determine the % v/v methyl salicylate in rubbing alcohol [Van Atta, R. E.; Van Atta, R. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 230-231]. A set of standard additions was prepared by transferring 20.00 mL of rubbing alcohol to separate 25 - mL volumetric flasks and pipeting 0.00 mL, 0.20 mL, and 0.50 mL of methyl salicylate to the flasks. All three flasks were diluted to volume using isopropanol. Analysis of the three samples gave peak heights for methyl salicylate of 57.00 mm, 88.5 mm, and 132.5 mm, respectively. Determine the % v/v methyl salicylate in the rubbing alcohol.