Propose a simple model of Covid 19 which describes the four forms of disease. 1) Subclinical form, 2) Acute form with recovery, 3) Acute form with Lethal Outcome, 4) Chronic form
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Propose a simple model of Covid 19 which describes the four forms of disease.
1) Subclinical form, 2) Acute form with recovery, 3) Acute form with Lethal Outcome, 4) Chronic form
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- Describe: a.) the mechanism of action of PF-07321332, the active compound found in the antiviral drug Paxlovid; b.) the viral target that it inhibits; and c.) the product formed. Use schemes where appropriate to support your answer. H H" H NH NH PF-07321332 FWhich of the following statement is false regarding the SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro? a) Mpro catalyze the translation of viral RNA into polyproteins b) Mpro is an ideal drug target because its structure is largely conserved across the SARS-CoV family c) N3 is an irreversible inhibitor that block the substrate binding site of Mpro d) Mpro forms a dimeric structure and each protomer is composed of three domainsa recent communicable disease outbreak, except COVID-19. For the selected communicable disease outbreak, the following MUST be clearly identified: a) a description of yellow fever b) who was affected c) location of the outbreak d) the When (time) e) Why the outbreak occurred (fully described what was the cause). f) Provide relevant data and appropriate references.
- 1)Describe the key processes involved in vaccine manufacturing.2) Review the literature and identify the key players in the various mutants of the spikeprotein.3) How were the structures of ACE 2 and spike protein solved?4) Why is it easier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus?5) There are several coronaviruses in the database, why is the SARS-CoV-2 sodangerous?6) Summarize the key difference in the invasion of cells by:a. HIVb. Adenovirusc. Anthraxd. SARS-CoV-2e. MERS1) Define each of the following abbreviations: COVID-19: 2019-nCoV: SARS-CoV-2: 2) How does SARS-CoV-2 differ from SARS-CoV? 3) What is meant by the terms "delta variant" and "omicron BA.2" variants? How many waves of global variant spread have we had to date? 4) What are the defining chemical features of the coronavirus? Is this an enveloped or non-enveloped virus? How does this impact our ability to neutralize the virus outside of the body? What type of nucleic acid does it contain? (RNA? DNA? Single-stranded? Double-stranded?) Are coronaviruses genetically stable or highly variable? How does this correlate with their genetic material?Is the concept of infectious dose applicable to Covid -19 infections? Why/Why not?
- Suggest different strategies on the following aspects of COVID-19: a. Diagnostics b. Vaccines7) List 5 ways that the current novel coronavirus and the disease it causes is similar to the influenza virus: A) B) C) D) E) 8) List 5 ways that the current novel coronavirus and the disease it causes differs from the influenza virus: A) B) C) D) E) Questions related to mRNA vaccines 1) What macromolecule is usually used as part of a vaccine? 2) What are advantages of using mRNA vaccines?21)Which of the following sentences is NOT correct regarding the influenza virus: a)The influenza virus has complicated genetics mainly characterised by genetic reassortment amongst 8 genes b)The most important reservoir for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus is domestic poultry c)Vaccine produced by inoculating chicken eggs requires, on average, three chicken eggs for a single dose of trivalent vaccine d)it is a contagious gastrointestinal illness which is responsible for seasonal flu epidemics each year, and causes mild to severe life-threatening illness e)The influenza virus is mainly controlled in special "risk" sectors by vaccination
- A suspected pathogen is observed from the blood of a diseased mouse. An investigation of the other mice in the area indicates that it is not present in healthy mice. With Koch's postulates in mind, what is the next step to determine whether or not this suspected pathogen is the cause of disease in the mouse? a) Grow the suspected pathogen in a pure culture Ob) Re-isolate the suspected pathogen and show that it is the same as the original pathogen c) Inoculate a healthy mouse with the suspected pathogen O d) Determine whether the organism in the pure culture is the same one as in the original sampleModerna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.Which characteristic of COVID-19 is NOT the same as in the 1918 flu pandemic? a) Blaming people from other countries and immigrants b) Hospitals are overwhelmed c) Mass gatherings are dangerous for spreading the disease d) Older people have the highest mortality rate