Plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry:O is maintained when vesicles are endocytosed such that the outer leaflets of bothstructures have an identical composition.requires the activity of scramblase.O is maintained by flippase.O relies on the spontaneous self-organization of lipid components.O is lost when vesicles are formed.

Phospholipids, which are made up of fatty acids and alcohol, make up the majority of the cell…

Answered: Plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry:…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RE

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Liposomes have long been investigated as drug delivery mechanisms in humans and animals, but only recently have they started to be used clinically in targeted cancer therapies and now, vaccines. Liposomes are simply vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer that contain an inner aqueous compartment. Hydrophilic compounds could be carried in the buffer inside the liposome or hydrophobic drugs within the membrane itself. For instance, the Moderna and Pfizer mRNA vaccines actually use liposome technology to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA to human cells. The liposomes fuse with the plasma membrane allowing the contents of the liposome to enter the cytosol of cells. Of course, once the mRNA is in the cytosol is can be translated to protein on a ribosome. Explain why nucleic acid won’t get through the plasma membrane on its own. Discuss the energetic restrictions to movement through the membrane
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